Manuscripts should be submitted by one of the authors of the manuscript through the online manuscript submission system. Submissions by anyone other than one of the authors will not be accepted.

Authors are invited to provide the names of four well qualified reviewers. Current e-mail addresses must be provided for all suggested reviewers.

Regardless of the source of the word-processing tool, only electronic PDF or MS-Word files can be submitted through the online submission system. If for some technical reason online submission is not successful, the author can submit the manuscript to ojped@scirp.org.

To expedite the review process, please format the manuscript in the following way:

Article type:
One Column

Manuscript organization:
1. All manuscripts are expected to be prepared as a single PDF or MS Word document with the complete text, references, tables and figures included. Any revised manuscripts prepared for publication should be sent as a single editable Word document. LaTex paper is also acceptable for publication, but it should be in PDF for review first.

2. Manuscripts should be written in English. Title, author(s), and affiliations should all be included on a title page as the first page of the manuscript file, followed by a 100-300 word abstract and 3-5 keywords. The order they follow is: Title, Authors, Affiliations, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction.

Figure and table requirement:
3. All figures or photographs must be submitted as jpg or tif files with distinct characters and symbols at 500 dpi (dots per inch). Test your figures by printing them from a personal computer. The online version should look relatively similar to the personal-printer copy. Tables and equations should be in an editable rather than image version. Tables must be edited with Word/Excel. Equations must be edited with Equation Editor. Figures, tables and equations should be numbered and cited as Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, etc. in sequence.

How to count page numbers:
4. Before submission or after acceptance, type your manuscript single spaced, and make all the characters in the text, tables, figure legends, footnotes and references in a single typeface and point size as 10 pt Times New Roman. This will save space, make it easier for reviewers and editors to process the submitted work, and contributes to slowing down global warming by using less paper.

References format:
5. All references should be numbered in square brackets in the text and listed in the REFERENCES section in the order they appear in the text. Below are some examples:

Journal Articles:
[1] García, J.I., Sepúlveda, S. and Noriega-Hoces, L. (2010) Beneficial Effect of Reduced Oxygen Concentration with Transfer of Blastocysts in IVF Patients Older than 40 Years Old. Health, 2, 1010-1017.

[2] Maganioti, A.E., Chrissanthi, H.D., Charalabos, P.C., Andreas, R.D., George, P.N. and Christos, C.N. (2010) Cointegration of Event-Related Potential (ERP) Signals in Experiments with Different Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Conditions. Health, 2, 400-406.

[3] Bootorabi, F., Haapasalo, J., Smith, E., Haapasalo, H. and Parkkila, S. (2011) Carbonic Anhydrase VII—A Potential Prognostic Marker in Gliomas. Health, 3, 6-12.

E-Journal Articles:
[4] Bharti, V.K. and Srivastava, R.S. (2009) Protective Role of Buffalo Pineal Proteins on Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress in Blood and Kidney of Rats. Health, 1, 167-172.
http://www.scirp.org/fileOperation/downLoad.aspx?path=Health20090100017_97188589.pdf&type=journal

Books:
[5] Verdu, S. (1998) Multi-User Detection. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Edited Book:
[6] Prasad, A.S. (1982) Clinical and Biochemical Spectrum of Zinc Deficiency in Human Subjects. In: Prasad, A.S., Ed., Clinical, Biochemical and Nutritional Aspects of Trace Elements, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 5-15.

Conference Proceedings:
[7] Clare, L., Pottie, G. and Agre, J. (1999) Self-Organizing Distributed Sensor Networks. Proceedings SPIE Conference Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications, Orlando, 3713, 229-237.

Thesis:
[8] Heinzelman, W. (2000) Application-Specific Protocol Architectures for Wireless Networks. Ph.D. Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.

Internet:
[9] Honeycutt, L. (1998) Communication and Design Course.
http://dcr.rpi.edu/commdesign/class1.html

Manuscripts not adhering to journal guidelines will be returned to authors without scientific evaluation. Submitted manuscripts adhering to journal guidelines are reviewed by the Editor-in-Chief or an Editor, who will assign them to reviewers. The review process is single blind. The editor prepares a decision letter according to the comments of the reviewers, which is sent to the corresponding author. All non-reviewed manuscripts are sent back within 10 days and the decision letters of manuscripts are sent within 4 weeks.

Open Access authors retain the copyrights of their papers, and all open access articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, CC BY (or the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License CC BY-NC), which allows users to (noncommercially) copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship.

The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations.

While the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate on the date of its going to press, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.

SCIRP is committed to maintaining high standards through a rigorous peer-review together with strict ethical policies. Any infringements of professional ethical codes, such as plagiarism, fraudulent use of data, bogus claims of authorship, should be taken very seriously by the editors with zero tolerance.

An Initial Plagiarism Check is carried out for every manuscript submitted to OJPED. The check starts with a Google search which is built into SCIRP's Paper Submission and Manuscript Tracking System. SCIRP is a member of CrossCheck and has added all its papers to the CrossCheck database. In this way, also other publishers can compare their manuscripts with SCIRP's papers. CrossCheck is used through the web-based iThenticate system by uploading a document and running a similarity check against the CrossCheck database and the Internet. The check provides a "Similarity Index" which is the percentage of the manuscript matching other sources. iThenticate does not determine whether a manuscript contains plagiarism. Therefore, manuscripts with a high "Similarity Index" are examined if the other matching sources have been properly cited.

SCIRP follows the Code of Conduct of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), and follows the COPE Flowcharts for Resolving Cases of Suspected Misconduct.

The submitted manuscript should not have been previously published in any form and must not be currently under consideration for publication elsewhere.