Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA;
Electronic Waveform Lab, Department of Pain Research, Huntington Beach, USA
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
Department of Molecular Nutrition, Impact Genomics, Inc., Austin, USA
Department of Executive Health, Path Research Foundation NY, New York, USA
Department of Holistic Medicine and Pain Track, National Institute for Holistic Addiction Studies, North Miami Beach, USA
Dominion Diagnostics LLC, North Kingstown, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Human Integrated Services Unit of Vermont Center for Clinical & Translational Science, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, USA
Department of Addiction Research & Therapy, Malibu Beach Recovery Center, Malibu Beach, USA
Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, India
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Department of Management Science and Statistics, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston VA and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
Electronic Waveform Lab, Department of Pain Research, Huntington Beach, USA
Nautilus Inc., Vancouver, USA
Electronic Waveform Lab, Department of Pain Research, Huntington Beach, USA
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
Department of Molecular Nutrition, Impact Genomics, Inc., Austin, USA
Igene LLC, Austin, USA
Department of Executive Health, Path Research Foundation NY, New York, USA
Department of Molecular Nutrition, Impact Genomics, Inc., Austin, USA
Igene LLC, Austin, USA
Department of Holistic Medicine and Pain Track, National Institute for Holistic Addiction Studies, North Miami Beach, USA
Department of Exercise Science, Quincy College, Quincy, USA
Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, USA
Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
Department of Executive Health, Path Research Foundation NY, New York, USA
Department of Executive Health, Path Research Foundation NY, New York, USA
Dominion Diagnostics LLC, North Kingstown, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Human Integrated Services Unit of Vermont Center for Clinical & Translational Science, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, USA
Center for Psychiatric Medicine, North Andover, USA
Department of Addiction Research & Therapy, Malibu Beach Recovery Center, Malibu Beach, USA
Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, India
Copyright © 2013 Kenneth Blum, David Han, Marlene Oscar-Berman, Gary Reinl, Nicholas DiNubile, Margaret A. Madigan, Anish Bajaj, Bernard William Downs, John Giordano, Wayne Westcott, Leonard Smith, Eric R. Braverman, Kristina Dushaj, Mary Hauser, Thomas Simpatico, Thomas McLaughlin, Joan Borsten, Debmayla Barh et al. This is
an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
How to Cite this Article
Blum, K. , Han, D. , Oscar-Berman, M. , Reinl, G. , DiNubile, N. , Madigan, M. , Bajaj, A. , Downs, B. , Giordano, J. , Westcott, W. , Smith, L. , Braverman, E. , Dushaj, K. , Hauser, M. , Simpatico, T. , McLaughlin, T. , Borsten, J. and Barh, D. (2013) Iatrogenic opioid dependence is endemic and legal: Genetic addiction risk score (GARS) with electrotherapy a paradigm shift in pain treatment programs.
Health,
5, 16-34. doi:
10.4236/health.2013.511A1004.