Wavelet Collocation Method for Solving Elliptic Singularly Perturbed Problem ()
1. Introduction
Wavelet functions are finite-energy functions with well localization properties. Any function of
can be expressed by the dilation and translation of wavelet functions. Wavelet analysis has been found success in many science and engineering. The stiffness matrix is sparse when wavelet functions is used as trial functions, so wavelet methods are especially suitable for singular perturbed and a local severe gradients problem. Wavelets have many excellent properties such as orthogonality, compact support, exact representation, flexibility to represent functions at different levels of resolution.
In the paper, we consider the following an elliptic singularly perturbed problem with two parameters.
(1)
(2)
where
,
is a small positive parameter,
,
and
are sufficiently smooth real-valued functions.
This problem, arising in chemical flow reactor theory [1] as well as in case of boundary layers controlled by suction (or blowing) of some fluid [2] , has been studied by several authors [3] [4] [5] [6] . The former research is already done a lot of work, but we want to improve it. It is so attractive to mathematicians due to the fact that modeling of physical problems often requires the solution of boundary value problems with many small parameters. It is well known that usual numerical treatment of singular perturbation problems gives major computational difficulties and fail to give accurate solutions. The former research is already done a lot of work, but we want to improve it further improved
The aim of this paper is to given a wavelet collocation method to solve an elliptic singularly perturbed problem with two parameters, the 3rd order B-spline function is used as a single mother wavelet to construct the numerical method. This method is tested for its efficiency by handling an example.
2. Construction of Wavelet Collocation Method
2.1. Spline Scaling Function
The expression formula of the 3rd order B-spline function
is
(3)
The 3rd order B-spline function
is usually used to calculate in practice, and is easy and efficient.
2.2. Tensor Product
Supposing that one-dimensional scaling functions
,
generate multi-resolution analyses
,
respectively, the tensor product space of
and
is
(4)
where
is the Kroneck symbol, the span of
is
and that of
is
.
Two-dimensional functions are written in the form
(5)
The
is the span of
and
generates a multi-resolution analysis of
and
are scaling functions correspondingly. The 3rd order B-spline function
was selected as the basis, then the two dimensional scaling function is
(6)
2.3. Construct of the Basis Function
We consider two dimensional functions
and select the two dimensional scaling functions as the basis functions. A square domain
is separated by a uniform grid with intervals
, the grid sizes are denoted by
, and the grid points are denoted by
(7)
(8)
The approximated numerical values of u at the grid point
are denoted by
The basis function is defined as
(9)
2.4. Solve an Elliptic Singularly Perturbed Problem
In the proposed algorithm, the 3rd order B-spline function
is used as a single mother wavelet, i.e.
and dilation and translation of mother wavelet functions can construct any function of
.
(10)
The approximated numerical values of u at the grid point
are denoted by
(11)
Substituting (11) into Equation (1) for all the nodes, we can obtain the following linear equations
(12)
(13)
Above linear equations are written in matrix form as
(14)
The B-spline function is a useful wavelet basis function, the stiffness matrix is sparse. When it is used as trial functions, which leads to a tri-diagonal linear system. Hence the wavelet collocation method using the 3rd order B-spline function
as a basis function applied to an elliptic singularly perturbed problem has a unique solution
given by Equation (10).
3. Numerical Results
In the section, we illustrate the numerical techniques discussed in the previous section by the following problems.
The point-wise errors are given by
For every
the computed maximum point-wise errors are given by
A test problem [6] is given by
with the boundary conditions
on
The analytical solution is given by
,
Figure 1. Relation of maximum point-wise errors and values of ε.
Figure 2. Relation of maximum point-wise errors and values of N.
where
,
Relation of maximum point-wise errors and values of
and N is given in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
It observed that
1) when
increases for fixed
and N, the maximum point-wise errors decrease rapidly;
when
increases for fixed
and N, the maximum point-wise errors decreases slowly to 0;
2) when
increase for fixed
and
, the maximum point-wise errors decreases rapidly;
when
increase for fixed
and
, the maximum point-wise errors decreases slowly to 0;
4. Conclusion
The numerical results show clearly the effect of ε and N on the solution of an elliptic singularly perturbed problem and the present method is relatively simple and it is applicable technique and approximates the exact solution very well.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the editor and the reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions to improve the results of this paper.
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong (No. 2015A030313827) and the Key Subject Program of Lingnan Normal University [No. 1171518004].