[1]
|
Dasgupta, N., Beletsky, L. and Ciccarone, D. (2018) Opioid Crisis: No Easy Fix to Its Social and Economic Determinants. American Public Health Association, 108, 182-186. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304187
|
[2]
|
Zhou, K., Jia, P., Bhargava, S., et al. (2017) Opioid Tapering in Patients with Prescription Opioid Use Disorder: A Retrospective Study. Scandinavian Journal of Pain, 17, 167-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.09.005
|
[3]
|
Reichel, C.M. and Bevins, R.A. (2009) Forced Abstinence Model of Relapse to Study Pharmacological Treatments of Substance Use Disorder. Current Drug Abuse Reviews, 2, 184-194. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874473710902020184
|
[4]
|
Peterson, J.A., Schwartz, R.P., Mitchell, S.G., Agar, M.H., et al. (2010) Why Don’t Out-of-Treatment Individuals Enter Methadone Treatment Programmes? International Journal of Drug Policy, 21, 36-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2008.07.004
|
[5]
|
Olsen, Y. and Sharfstein, J.M. (2014) Confronting the Stigma of Opioid Use Disorder—And Its Treatment. JAMA, 311, 1393-1394. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.2147
|
[6]
|
Bechara, A., Nader, K. and van der Kooy, D. (1998) A Two-Separate-Motivational- Systems Hypothesis of Opioid Addiction. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 59, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-3057(97)00047-6
|
[7]
|
O’Brien, C.P., Childress, A.R., McLellan, A.T., Ehrman, R. and Ternes, J.W. (1988) Types of Conditioning Found in Drug-Dependent Humans. NIDA Research Monograph, 84, 44-61.
|
[8]
|
Maldonado, R. (1997) Participation of Noradrenergic Pathways in the Expression of Opiate Withdrawal: Biochemical and Pharmacological Evidence. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 21, 91-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/0149-7634(95)00061-5
|
[9]
|
Van Bockstaele, E.J., Reyes, B.A., Valentino, R.J. (2010) The Locus Coeruleus: A Key Nucleus Where Stress and Opioids Intersect to Mediate Vulnerability to Opiate Abuse. Brain Research, 1314, 162-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.09.036
|
[10]
|
Kosten, T.R. and George, T.P. (2002) The Neurobiology of Opioid Dependence: Implications for Treatment. Science and Practice Perspectives, 1, 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1151/spp021113
|
[11]
|
Giovannitti Jr., J.A., Thoms, S.M. and Crawford, J.J. (2015) Alpha-2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonists: A Review of Current Clinical Applications. Anesthesia Progress, 62, 31-39. https://doi.org/10.2344/0003-3006-62.1.31
|
[12]
|
Vartak, A.P. (2014) The Preclinical Discovery of Lofexidine for the Treatment of Opiate Addiction. Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 9, 1371-1377. https://doi.org/10.1517/17460441.2014.962995
|
[13]
|
Regan, J.W., Kobilka, T.S., Yang-Feng, T.L., et al. (1988) Cloning and Expression of a Human Kidney cDNA for an Alpha 2-Adrenergic Receptor Subtype. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 85, 6301-6305. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.17.6301
|
[14]
|
Giles, H., Lansdell, S.J., Bolofo, M.-L., Wilson, H.L. and Martin, G.R. (1996) Characterization of a 5-HT1B Receptor on CHO Cells: Functional Responses in the Absence of Radioligand Binding. British Journal of Pharmacology, 117, 1119-1126. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb16705.x
|
[15]
|
Vicentic, A., Robeva, A., Rogge, G., Uberti, M. and Minneman, K.P. (2002) Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Epitope-Tagged α1-Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 302, 58-65. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.302.1.58
|
[16]
|
Eason, M.G., Kurose, H., Holt, B.D., Raymond, J.R. and Liggett, S.B. (1992) Simultaneous Coupling of Alpha 2-Adrenergic Receptors to two G-Proteins with Opposing Effects. Subtype-Selective Coupling of Alpha 2C10, Alpha 2C4, and Alpha 2C2 Adrenergic Receptors to Gi and Gs. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 267, 15795-15801.
|
[17]
|
Bavadekar, S.A., Ma, G., Mustafa, S.M., et al. (2006) Tethered Yohimbine Analogs as Selective Human Alpha2C-Adrenergic Receptor Ligands. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 319, 739-748. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.106.105981
|
[18]
|
Payne, S.L., Johansson, A.M. and Strange, P.G. (2002) Mechanisms of Ligand Binding and Efficacy at the Human D2(Short) Dopamine Receptor. Journal of Neurochemistry, 82, 1106-1117. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01046.x
|
[19]
|
Martel, J.C., Assie, M.-B., Bardin, L., et al. (2009) 5-HT1A Receptors Are Involved in the Effects of Xaliproden on G-Protein Activation, Neurotransmitter Release and Nociception. British Journal of Pharmacology, 158, 232-242. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00249.x
|
[20]
|
Barlow, R. and Blake, J.F. (1989) Hill Coefficients and the Logistic Equation. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 10, 440-441. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-6147(89)80006-9
|
[21]
|
Mattick, R.P. and Hall, W. (1996) Are Detoxification Programmes Effective? The Lancet, 347, 97-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90215-9
|
[22]
|
Tetrault, J.M. and O’Connor, P.G. (2009) Management of Opioid Intoxication and Withdrawal. In: Ries, R.K., Fiellin, D.A., Miller, S.C. and Siatz, R., Eds., Principles of Addiction Medicine, 4th Edtion, Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 589-606.
|
[23]
|
Farrell, M. (1994) Opiate Withdrawal. Addiction, 89, 1471-1475. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03745.x
|
[24]
|
Gowing, L., Farrell, M., Ali, R. and White, J.M. (2016) Alpha2-Adrenergic Agonists for the Management of Opioid Withdrawal. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD002024.pub3/full
|
[25]
|
Cedarbaum, J.M. and Aghajanian, G.K. (1977) Catecholamine Receptors on Locus Coeruleus Neurons: Pharmacological Characterization. European Journal of Pharmacology, 44, 375-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(77)90312-0
|
[26]
|
Svensson, T.H., Bunney, B.S. and Aghajanian, G.K. (1975) Inhibition of Both Noradrenergic and Serotonergic Neurons in Brain by the Alpha-Adrenergic Agonist Clonidine. Brain Research, 92, 291-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(75)90276-0
|
[27]
|
Gomes, C., Svensson, T.H. and Trolin, G. (1976) Effects of Morphine on Central Catecholamine Turnover, Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in the Rat. Naunyn- Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology, 294, 141-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00507846
|
[28]
|
Tseng, L.F., Loh, H.H. and Wei, E.T. (1975) Effects of Clonidine on Morphine Withdrawal Signs in the Rat. European Journal of Pharmacology, 30, 93-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(75)90208-3
|
[29]
|
Lewis, M.J., Costa, J.L., Jacobowitz, D.M. and Margules, D.L. (1976) Tolerance, Physical Dependence and Opiod-Seeking Behavior: Dependence of Diencephalic Norepinephrine. Brain Research, 107, 156-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(76)90105-0
|
[30]
|
Gold, M.S., Redmond Jr., D.E. and Kleber, H.D. (1978) Clonidine in Opiate Withdrawal. The Lancet, 1, 929-930. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(78)90699-2
|
[31]
|
Gold, M.S., Redmond Jr., D.E. and Kleber, H.D. (1978) Clonidine Blocks Acute Opiate-Withdrawal Symptoms. The Lancet, 2, 599-602. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(78)92823-4
|
[32]
|
Washton, A.M. and Resnick, R.B. (1980) Clonidine for Opiate Detoxification: Outpatient Clinical Trials. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 1121-1122. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.137.9.1121
|
[33]
|
Washton, A.M., Resnick, R.B. and Rawson, R.A. (1980) Clonidine for Outpatient Opiate Detoxification. The Lancet, 1, 1078-1079. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(80)91515-9
|
[34]
|
Grosz, H.J. (1972) Narcotic Withdrawal Symptoms in Heroin Users Treated with Propranolol. The Lancet, 2, 564-566. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(72)91959-9
|
[35]
|
Resnick, R.B., Kestenbaum, R.S., Schwartz, L.K. and Smith, A. (1976) Evaluation of Propranolol in Opiate Dependence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 993-997. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770080111011
|
[36]
|
Davis, W.M. and Smith, S.G. (1973) Blocking of Morphine Based Reinforcement by Alpha-Methyltyrosine. Life Sciences, 12, 185-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(73)90132-X
|
[37]
|
Pozuelo, J. and Kerr, F.W. (1972) Suppression of Craving and Other Signs of Dependence in Morphine-Addicted Monkeys by Administration of Alpha-Methyl- Para-Tyrosine. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 47, 621-628.
|
[38]
|
Cami, J., de Torres, S., San, L., et al. (1985) Efficacy of Clonidine and of Methadone in the Rapid Detoxification of Patients Dependent on Heroin. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 38, 336-341. https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1985.182
|
[39]
|
Kleber, H.D., Riordan, C.E., Rounsaville, B., et al. (1985) Clonidine in Outpatient Detoxification from Methadone Maintenance. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 391-394. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790270081009
|
[40]
|
San, L., Cami, J., Peri, J.M., Mata, R., Porta, M. and Camí, J. (1990) Efficacy of Clonidine, Guanfacine and Methadone in the Rapid Detoxification of Heroin Addicts: A Controlled Clinical Trial. British Journal of Addiction, 85, 141-147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb00634.x
|
[41]
|
Biedermann, J., Leon-Lomeli, A., Borbe, H.O. and Prop, G. (1986) Two Stereoisomeric Imidazoline Derivatives: Synthesis and Optical and Alpha 2-Adrenoceptor Activities. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 29, 1183-1188. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00157a011
|
[42]
|
Jarrott, B., Louis, W.J. and Summers, R.J. (1983) Characterization of Central Alpha-Adrenoceptors Using 3H-Clonidine and Its Derivatives. Chest, 83, 339-340. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.83.2_Supplement.339
|
[43]
|
Summers, R.J., Jarrott, B. and Louis, W.J. (1980) Displacement of [3H]Clonidine Binding by Clonidine Analogues in Membranes from Rat Cerebral Cortex. European Journal of Pharmacology, 66, 233-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(80)90147-8
|
[44]
|
Wilffert, B., Mathy, M.J., Batink, H.D., et al. (1985) Interference of Enantiomers of Lofexidine with Alpha-Adrenoceptors. Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie, 273, 18-32.
|
[45]
|
Timmermans, P.B., van Kemenade, J.E., Harms, Y.M., Prop, G., Graf, E. and van Zwieten, P.A. (1983) Binding of (+/-)-3H-Lofexidine to Alpha-Adrenoceptors in Membranes from Rat Brain. Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie, 261, 23-35.
|
[46]
|
Washton, A.M., Resnick, R.B. and Rawson RA. (1981) Lofexidine, a Clonidine Analogue Effective in Opiate Withdrawal. The Lancet, 317, 991-993. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(81)91747-5
|
[47]
|
Gowing, L.R., Farrell, M., Ali, R.L. and White, J.M. (2002) α2-Adrenergic Agonists in Opioid Withdrawal. Addiction, 97, 49-58. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00037.x
|
[48]
|
Tao, R., Ma, Z. and Auerbach, S.B. (1998) Alteration in Regulation of Serotonin Release in Rat Dorsal Raphe Nucleus after Prolonged Exposure to Morphine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 286, 481-488.
|
[49]
|
Lunden, J.W. and Kirby, L.G. (2013) Opiate Exposure and Withdrawal Dynamically Regulate mRNA Expression in the Serotonergic Dorsal Raphe Nucleus. Neuroscience, 254, 160-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.071
|
[50]
|
Hamon, M., Fattaccini, C.M., Adrien, J., Gallissot, M.C., Martin, P. and Gozlan, H. (1988) Alterations of Central Serotonin and Dopamine Turnover in Rats Treated with Ipsapirone and Other 5-Hydroxytryptamine1a Agonists with Potential Anxiolytic Properties. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 246, 745-752.
|
[51]
|
Sharp, T., Bramwell, S.R. and Grahame-Smith, D.G. (1989) 5-HT1 Agonists Reduce 5-Hydroxytryptamine Release in Rat Hippocampus in Vivo as Determined by Brain Microdialysis. British Journal of Pharmacology, 96, 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb11815.x
|
[52]
|
Del Bello, F., Diamanti, E., Giannella, M., et al. (2012) Low Doses of Allyphenyline and Cyclomethyline, Effective against Morphine Dependence, Elicit an Antidepressant-like Effect. ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 3, 535-539. https://doi.org/10.1021/ml300064v
|
[53]
|
Del Bello, F., Mattioli, L., Ghelfi, F., Giannella, M., et al. (2010) Fruitful Adrenergic Alpha(2C)-Agonism/Alpha(2A)-Antagonism Combination to Prevent and Contrast Morphine Tolerance and Dependence. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 53, 7825-7835. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm100977d
|