L. NAHAR ET AL.
psycho-neurotic syndrome: boredom, depression and anxiety
(e,g., Caplan et al., 1975). On the other hand, there are many
studies that demonstrate a relationship between positive mental
health and job satisfaction, the implications being that job sat-
isfaction influences mental well-being e.g., Gechman and Wie-
ner (1975).
From the values of mean shown in Table 2 indicate that
there would be no difference of job satisfaction on Government
and Non Government employee, so the second hypothesis of
this study was not proved.
Table 3 shows that Job satisfaction of the respondents dif-
fered by their sex. From Table 2, it was found that Male job
satisfaction was better than female. In a previous study done by
Islam (1999); found that women less satisfied than men in their
jobs. He suggest that women are less satisfied than men be-
cause they are usually placed on lower level jobs, which have a
lower pay rate, and which usually offer few promotional op-
portunities. They faces many problems in their work place male
colleagues don’t want to cooperate with the most of the cases
they are being underestimated. In addition to the factors of
wages and job levels there is the issue of social norms concern-
ing appropriate roles for men and women, when males are em-
ployed in industry they are filling the role the society expects
from them. Contrarily women in industry are in a relatively
alien role. Moreover, a certain amount of role conflict encoun-
tered by employees, may affect their job satisfaction.
From Table 4, it is found that there is a difference in job
stress of Government and Non Government employee and this
difference is significant at .01 level of significance (see also
Table 5). This is because in case of non government job there
is a lack of job security. Gurin et al. (1960) found that concern
for job security occurred disproportionately among those em-
ployees who were dissatisfied. They will not get any incentives
like house rent, pension and provident fund etc facilities. As
most of the private organization want to maximize their profit
by creating pressure on the employee for their benefit which
creates mental pressure on employees. For extra earning men-
tality by doing overtime after tight work schedule (9 am to 5
pm) and also for competition in this stage, employees can’t
spend much time with their family, which in terms bring much
more job stress and job dissatisfaction in case of non govern-
ment employees.
On the other hand (see Table 6) though the mental health for
the Government employee is little bit higher than non-gov-
ernment employee and also by sex, these differences are not
significant at .05 level of significance (Table 7). So the 4th
hypothesis was not proved.
Table 8 indicates that types of job and job stress have a sig-
nificant positive relationship, at the .01 level. And Table 9
shows that sex and job satisfaction was significant negative
relationship. But job stress and mental health and sex was a
negative relationship, but not significant.
Limitations
In this study, the sample was drawn purposively as well as
sample size was small. As a result this sample is not enough to
represent the true status. That is why the findings cannot be
over generalized to all of the government and Non Government
employees of Bangladesh. In this sense, in order to increase
generalization of the study further higher order analysis could
be performed. Further research is needed to explore the relation
of other variables with job satisfaction, job stress and mental
health on the basis of types of jobs and gender.
Conclusion
The study has carried out to find the relationship of job sat-
isfaction, job stress and mental health on government and non-
government employees of Bangladesh. It was found that job
satisfaction among male employees was better than female em-
ployees. The reason found in this study, females are dominated
in many aspects by male employees in jobs. Non government
employees found to feel more job stress than government em-
ployees. There are many difference exist between government
and non government jobs including job security and others
facilities. Job satisfaction, job stress and mental health are im-
portant determinants of employee’s health and wellbeing. When
people are satisfied with their job, they are more productive and
tend to be healthier. When employees feel that the environment
at work is negative, they feel stressed. Stress has a large impact
on employee mental and physical health. So in today’s com-
petitive hiring market, it’s become important for all types of
organizations to enhance job related opportunities and ensure
that workers enjoy being on their job.
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