Advances in Pure Mathematics
Vol.08 No.09(2018), Article ID:87452,11 pages
10.4236/apm.2018.89047
General Type-2 Fuzzy Topological Spaces
Munir Abdul Khalik AL-Khafaji, Mohammed Salih Mahdy Hussan
Department of Mathematics, College of Education, AL-Mustinsiryah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Copyright © 2018 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Received: August 7, 2018; Accepted: September 18, 2018; Published: September 21, 2018
ABSTRACT
In this paper, a presented definition of type-2 fuzzy sets and type-2 fuzzy set operation on it was given. The aim of this work was to introduce the concept of general topological spaces were extended in type-2 fuzzy sets with the structural properties such as open sets, closed sets, interior, closure and neighborhoods in topological spaces were extended to general type-2 fuzzy topological spaces and many related theorems are proved.
Keywords:
Type-2 Fuzzy Set, Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Topological Space, General Type-2 Fuzzy Topological Spaces, Type-2 Fuzzy Open Sets, Type-2 Fuzzy Closed Sets, Type-2 Fuzzy Interior, Type-2 Fuzzy Closure, Neighborhood of a Type-2 Fuzzy Set
1. Introduction
The fuzzy set theory proposed by Zadeh [1] extended the classical notion of sets and permitted the gradual assessment of membership of elements in a set [2] . After introducing the notion of fuzzy sets and fuzzy set operations, several attempts have been made to develop mathematical structures using fuzzy set theory. In 1968, chang [3] introduced fuzzy topology which provides a natural framework for generalizing many of the concepts of general topology to fuzzy topological spaces and its development can be found in [3] . The concept of a type-2 fuzzy set as extension of the concept of an ordinary fuzzy set (henceforth called a type-1 fuzzy set) in which the membership function falls into a fuzzy set in the interval [0,1], [2] [4] . Many scholars have conducted research on type-2 fuzzy set and their properties, including Mizumoto and Tanaka [5] , Mendel [6] , Karnik and Mendel [4] and Mendel and John [7] . Type-2 fuzzy sets are called “fuzzy”, so, it could be called fuzzy set [6] . In [6] Mendel was introduced the concept of an interval type-2 fuzzy set. Type-2 fuzzy sets have also been widely applied to many fields with two parts general type-2 fuzzy set and interval type-2 fuzzy sets. The interval type-2 fuzzy topological space introduced by [2] . Because the interval type-2 fuzzy set, as a special case of general type-2 fuzzy sets, and general type-2 fuzzy sets may be better that the interval type-2 fuzzy sets to deal with uncertainties and because general type-2 fuzzy sets can obtain more degrees of freedom [8] , we introduce general type-2 fuzzy topological spaces. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 is the preliminary section which recalls definitions and operations to gather with some properties type-2 fuzzy sets. In Section 3, we introduce the definition of general type-2 fuzzy topology and some of its structural properties such as type-2 fuzzy open sets, type-2 fuzzy closed sets, type-2 fuzzy interior, type-2 fuzzy closure and neighborhood of a type-2 fuzzy set are studied.
2. Preliminaries
In this section, we recall the preliminaries of type-2 fuzzy sets, define type-2 fuzzy and some important associated concepts from [7] [9] and throughout this paper, let X be anon empty set and I be closed unit interval, i.e., .
Definition 1 [7] [9] . Let X be a finite and non empty set, which is referred to as the universe a type-2 fuzzy set, denoted by is characterized by a type-2 memberships function , as
, where and , that is
(1)
can also be expressed as
(2)
where an denotes union over all admissible x and u for continuous universes of discourse, is replaced by . The class of all type-2 fuzzy sets of the universe X denoted by .
Definition 2 [2] [7] . A vertical slice, denoted , of , is the intersection between the two-dimensional plane whose axes are u and and the three-dimensional type-2membership function , i.e.,
in which . can also be expressed as follows: or as following
(3)
The vertical slice, is also called the secondary membership function, and its domain is called the primary membership of x, which is denoted by where for any . The amplitude of a secondary membership function is called the secondary grade.
When configuring any type-2 fuzzy topological structures we must present some special types of type-2 fuzzy sets.
Definition 3 [5] [8] . (Type-2 fuzzy universe set).
A type-2 fuzzy universe set, denoted , such that
(4)
Definition 4 [5] [8] . (Type-2 fuzzy empty set)
A type-2 fuzzy empty set, denoted , such that
(5)
Definition 5 [6] . (Interval type-2 fuzzy set).
When all the secondary grades of types are equal to 1, that is for all and for all , is as an Interval type-2 fuzzy set.
Operation of Types-2 fuzzy sets 6. Consider two type-2 fuzzy sets, and , in a universe X. Let and be the membership grades of these two sets, which are represented for each , and , respective, where , indicate the primary memberships of x and indicate the secondary memberships (grades) of x. The membership grades for the union, intersection and complement of the type-2 fuzzy sets and have been defined as follows [5] .
Containment:
is a subtype-2 fuzzy set of denoted if and for every .
Equality:
and are type-2 fuzzy sets are equal, denoted if and for every .
Union of two type-2 fuzzy sets:
(6)
Intersection of two type-2 fuzzy sets:
(7)
Complement of a type-2 fuzzy set:
(8)
Where represent the max t-conorm and represent a t-norm. The summation indicate logical unions. We refer to the operations and as join, meet and negation respectively and , , and are the secondary membership functions and all are type-1 fuzzy sets. If and have continuous domains, then the summations in 3, 4 and 5 are replaced by integrals.
Example 7: Let be anon empty set, and let and are type-2 fuzzy sets over the same universe X.
The complement of a type-2 fuzzy set is
Operations under collection of type-2 fuzzy sets 8: Let be an
arbitrary collection of type-2 fuzzy sets subset of X such that is countable set, operation are possible under an arbitrary collection of type-2 fuzzy sets.
1) The union is defined as
(9)
2) The intersection is defined as
(10)
Proposition 9: Let be an arbitrary collection of type-2 fuzzy sets
subset of X such that is countable set and be another type-2 fuzzy set of X, then
1) .
2) .
3) .
4) .
3. General Type-2 Fuzzy Topological Space
In this section we introduced the concept general type-2 fuzzy topology.
Definition 1: Let be the collection of type-2 fuzzy set over X; then is said to be general type-2 fuzzy topology on X if
1)
2) for any .
3) for any , countable set.
The pair is called general type-2 fuzzy topological space over X.
Remark 2: Let be general type-2 fuzzy topological space over X; then the members of are said to be type-2 fuzzy open set in X and a type-2 fuzzy set is said to be a type-2 fuzzy closed set in X, if its complement .
Proposition 3: Let be general type-2 fuzzy topological space over X then the following conditions hold:
1) are type-2 fuzzy closed sets.
2) Arbitrary intersection of type-2 fuzzy closed sets is closed sets.
3) Finite union of type-2 fuzzy closed sets is closed sets.
Proof:
1) are type-2 fuzzy closed sets because they are the complements of the type-2 fuzzy open sets is respectively.
2) Let be an arbitrary collection of type-2 fuzzy closed sets, then
since arbitrary union of type-2 fuzzy open sets are open is an open and is a type-2 fuzzy closed sets.
3) If is type-2 fuzzy closed sets, then is a type-2 fuzzy closed set, [finite intersection of type-2 fuzzy open sets are open].
Example 4: Let and let and be three type-2 fuzzy sets in X which are
,
Then is general type-2 fuzzy topologies defined on X and the pair is called general type-2 fuzzy topological space over X, every member of is called type-2 fuzzy open sets.
Theorem 5: Let be a family of all general type-2 fuzzy topologies on X ; then is general type-2 fuzzy topologies on X.
proof: we must prove three conditions of topologies,
1) .
2) Let , then for all so
thus .
3) Let , then and because are all general type-2 fuzzy topologies for all , so .
Remark 6: Let and be two general type-2 fuzzy topological spaces over the same universe X then need not be general type-2 fuzzy topological space over X, we can see that in example 3.7.
Example 7: Let and , be two general type-2fuzzy topologies defined on X where and defined as follows: ,
Let so is not general type-2 fuzzy topological space over X since .
Definition 8: Let be general type-2 fuzzy topological space over X and let be type-2 fuzzy set over X. Then the type-2 fuzzy interior of , denoted by , is defined as the union of all type-2 fuzzy open sets contained in . That is,
, is the largest type-2 fuzzy open set contained in .
Theorem 9: Let be general type-2 fuzzy topological space over X, and let be two type-2 fuzzy sets in X. Then
1) and .
2) .
3) is type-2 fuzzy open set if and only if .
4) .
5) .
6) .
Proof:
1) , is type-2 fuzzy open set in and .
Now to prove ,
, is type-2 fuzzy open set in and .
2) To prove , since , such that that is is type-2 membership function where and less than a type-2 membership function where and such that and , hence , therefore .
3) If is type-2 fuzzy open set, then , but from part (2), hence .
4) is a type-2 fuzzy open set and from part (3) we have
5) If and from part(2) , , then . Therefore and is a type-2 fuzzy open set contained in , so .
6) Because and , from part (5) and , thus , since , so from part(5) but is a type-2 fuzzy open sets then from part(3).Hence .
Definition 10: Let be general type-2 fuzzy topological space over and let be type-2 fuzzy set over X. Then the type-2 fuzzy closure of , denoted by , is defined as the intersection of all type-2 fuzzy closed sets containing . That is
,
is the smallest type-2 fuzzy closed set containing .
Theorem 11: Let be general type-2 fuzzy topological space over X, and let be two type-2 fuzzy sets in X. Then
1) and .
2) .
3) is type-2 fuzzy closed set if and only if .
4) .
5) .
6) .
Proof: The proof this theorem similar to the proof of theorem 3.7.
Definition 12: Let be a general type-2 fuzzy topological space over X and . Then is said to be a neighborhood or nbhd for short, of a type-2 fuzzy set if there exist a type-2 fuzzy open set such that .
Proposition 13: A type-2 fuzzy set is open if and only if for each type-2 fuzzy set contained in , is a neighborhood of .
Proof: If is open and then is a neighborhood of . Conversely, since , there exists a type-2 fuzzy open set such that . Hence and is open.
Definition 14: Let be a general type-2 fuzzy topological space over X
and be a subfamily of . If every member of can be written as the type-2 fuzzy union of some members of , then is called a type-2 fuzzy base for the general type-2 fuzzy topology . We can see that if be type-2 fuzzy base for then equals the collection of type-2 fuzzy unions of elements of .
Definition 15: Let and be two general type-2 fuzzy topological space.The general type-2 fuzzy topological space Y is called a subspace of the general type-2 fuzzy topological space X if and the open subsets of Y are precisely of the form . Here we may say that each open subset of Y is the restriction to of an open subset of X. That is, is called a subspace of if the type-2 fuzzy open sets of Y are the type-2 fuzzy intersection of open sets of X with .
4. Conclusion
The main purpose of this paper is to introduce a new concept in fuzzy set theory, namely that of general type-2 fuzzy topological space. On the other hand, type-2 fuzzy set is a kind of abstract theory of mathematics. First, we present definition and properties of this set before introducing definition of general type-2 fuzzy topological space with the structural properties such as open sets, closed sets, interior, closure and neighborhoods in general type-2 fuzzy set topological spaces and some definitions of a type-2 fuzzy base and subspace of general type-2 fuzzy sets.
Acknowledgements
Great thanks to all those who helped us in accomplishing this research especially Prof. Dr. Kamal El-saady and Prof. Dr. Sherif Abuelenin from Egypt for us as well as all the workers in the magazine.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
Cite this paper
AL-Khafaji, M.A.K. and Hussan, M.S.M. (2018) General Type-2 Fuzzy Topological Spaces. Advances in Pure Mathematics, 8, 771-781. https://doi.org/10.4236/apm.2018.89047
References
- 1. Zadeh, L.A. (1965) Fuzzy Sets. Information and Control, 8, 338-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-9958(65)90241-X
- 2. Zhang, Z. (2013) On Characterization of Generalized Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Rough Sets. Information Sciences, 219, 124-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2012.07.013
- 3. Chang, C.L. (1968) Fuzzy Topological Space. The Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 24, 182-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-247X(68)90057-7
- 4. Karnik, N.N. and Mendel, J.M. (2001) Operations on Type-2 Fuzzy Sets. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 122, 327-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0114(00)00079-8
- 5. Mizumoto, M. and Tanaka, K. (1976) Some Properties of Fuzzy Sets of Type-2. Information and Control, 31, 312-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-9958(76)80011-3
- 6. Mendel, J.M. (2001) Uncertain Rule-Based Fuzzy Logic Systems: Introduction and New Directions. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
- 7. Mendel, J.M. and John, R.I. (2002) Type-2 Fuzzy Sets Made Simple. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 10, 117-127. https://doi.org/10.1109/91.995115
- 8. Zhao, T. and Wei, Z. (2015) On Characterization of Rough Type-2 Fuzzy Sets. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2016, 13.
- 9. Zadeh, L.A. (1975) The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and Its Application to Approximate Reasoning-1. Information Sciences, 8, 199-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0255(75)90036-5