Advances in Pure Mathematics
Vol.3 No.5(2013), Article ID:35049,8 pages DOI:10.4236/apm.2013.35063
The Continuous Wavelet Transform Associated with a Dunkl Type Operator on the Real Line
Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences for Girls, University of Dammam, Dammam, KSA
Email: *Mohamed_ali.mourou@yahoo.fr
Copyright © 2013 E. A. Al Zahrani, M. A. Mourou. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received April 16, 2013; revised May 25, 2013; accepted June 27, 2013
Keywords: Differential-Difference Operator; Generalized Wavelets; Generalized Continuous Wavelet Transform
ABSTRACT
We consider a singular differential-difference operator Λ on R which includes as a particular case the one-dimensional Dunkl operator. By using harmonic analysis tools corresponding to Λ, we introduce and study a new continuous wavelet transform on R tied to Λ. Such a wavelet transform is exploited to invert an intertwining operator between Λ and the first derivative operator d/dx.
1. Introduction
In this paper we consider the first-order singular differential-difference operator on R
where and q is a real-valued odd function on R. For q = 0, we regain the differential-difference operator
which is referred to as the Dunkl operator with parameter associated with the reflection group Z2 on R. Those operators were introduced and studied by Dunkl [1-3] in connection with a generalization of the classical theory of spherical harmonics. Besides its mathematical interest, the Dunkl operator has quantum-mechanical applications; it is naturally involved in the study of onedimensional harmonic oscillators governed by Wigner’s commutation rules [4-6].
Put
(1)
and
(2)
The authors [7] have proved that the integral transform
(3)
is the only automorphism of the space of functions on R, satisfying
for all The intertwining operator X has been exploited to initiate a quite new commutative harmonic analysis on the real line related to the differential-difference operator Λ in which several analytic structures on R were generalized. A summary of this harmonic analysis is provided in Section 2. Through this paper, the classical theory of wavelets on R is extended to the differential-difference operator Λ. More explicitly, we call generalized wavelet each function g in satisfying almost all
where denotes the generalized Fourier transform related to Λ given by
being the solution of the differential-difference equation
Starting from a single generalized wavelet g we construct by dilation and translation a family of generalized wavelets by putting
where stand for the generalized dual translation operators tied to the differential-difference operator Λ, and ga is the dilated function of g given by the relation
Accordingly, the generalized continuous wavelet transform associated with Λ is defined for regular functions f on R by
In Section 3, we exhibit a relationship between the generalized and Dunkl continuous wavelet transforms. Such a relationship allows us to establish for the generalized continuous wavelet transform a Plancherel formula, a point wise reconstruction formula and a Calderon reproducing formula. Finally, we exploit the intertwining operator X to express the generalized continuous wavelet transform in terms of the classical one. As a consequence, we derive new inversion formulas for dual operator of X.
In the classical setting, the notion of wavelets was first introduced by J. Morlet, a French petroleum engineer at ELF-Aquitaine, in connection with his study of seismic traces. The mathematical foundations were given by A. Grossmann and J. Morlet in [8]. The harmonic analyst Y. Meyer and many other mathematicians became aware of this theory and they recognized many classical results inside it (see [9-11]). Classical wavelets have wide applications, ranging from signal analysis in geophysics and acoustics to quantum theory and pure mathematics (see [12-14] and the references therein).
2. Preliminaries
Notation. We denote by
• the class of measurable functions f on R for which where
and
• the class of measurable functions f on R for which where Q is given by (2).
• the class of measurable functions f on R for which
Remark 1. Clearly the map
(4)
is an isometry
• from onto;
• from onto.
2.1. Generalized Fourier Transform
The following statement is proved in [7].
Lemma 1. 1) For each, the differential-difference equation
admits a unique solution on R, denoted, given by
(5)
where denotes the one-dimensional Dunkl kernel defined by
being the normalized spherical Bessel function of index given by
2) For all, and we have
(6)
3) For each and, we have the Laplace type integral representation
(7)
where is given by (1).
The generalized Fourier transform of a function f in is defined by
(8)
Remark 2. 1) By (6) and (7), it follows that the generalized Fourier transform maps continuously and injectively into the space of continuous functions on R vanishing at infinity.
2) Recall that the one-dimensional Dunkl transform is defined for a function by
(9)
Notice by (5), (8) and (9) that
(10)
where M is given by (4).
Two standard results about the generalized Fourier transform are as follows.
Theorem 1 (inversion formula). Let such that. Then for almost all we have
where
(11)
Theorem 2 (Plancherel). 1) For every, we have the Plancherel formula
2) The generalized Fourier transform extends uniquely to an isometric isomorphism from onto.
2.2. Generalized Convolution
Recall that the Dunkl translation operators are defined by
(12)
where is a finite signed measure on R, of total mass 1, with support
and such that. For the explicit expression of the measure see [15].
Define the generalized translation operators Tx, , associated with Λ by
(13)
By (12) and (13) observe that
(14)
The generalized dual translation operators are given by
(15)
We claim the following statement.
Proposition 1. 1) Let f be in Then for all is a well defined element in and
2) Let f be in Then for all, is well defined as a function in and
3) For p = 1 or 2, we have
4) Let, such that If and then we have the duality relation
Proof. 1) By (14) and [13, Equation (8)] we have
2) By (15) and [13, Equation (8)] we have
3) By (5), (10), (15) and [1, Theorem 11] we have
4) By (14), (15) and [1, Theorem 11] we have
This concludes the proof. ■
The generalized convolution product of two functions f and g on R is defined by
(16)
Remark 3. Recall that the Dunkl convolution product of two functions f and g on R is defined by
(17)
By virtue of (15), (16) and (17) it is easily seen that
(18)
By use of (10), (18) and the properties of the Dunkl convolution product mentioned in [16], we obtain the next statement.
Proposition 2. 1) Let such that
If and then
and
.
2) For and p = 1 or 2, we have
2.3. Intertwining Operators
According to [7], the dual of the intertwining operator X given by (3), takes the form
It was shown that is an automorphism of the space of compactly supported functions on R, satisfying the intertwining relation
where is the dual operator of Λ defined by
Moreover, we have the factorizations
(19)
where and are respectively the Dunkl intertwining operator and its dual given by
Using (19) and the properties of and provided by [17], we easily derive the next statement.
Proposition 3. 1) If then
and
2) If then and
3) For every and we have the duality relation
4) For every we have the identity
(20)
where Fu denotes the usual Fourier transform on R given by
5) Let. Then
where * denotes the usual convolution product on R given by
6) Let and Then
(21)
3. Generalized Wavelets
Notation. For a function f on R put
3.1. Dunkl Wavelets
Definition 1. A Dunkl wavelet is a function satisfying the admissibility condition
(22)
for almost all
Notation. For a function g in and for we write
(23)
where are the Dunkl translation operators given by (12), and
(24)
Definition 2. Let be a Dunkl wavelet. The Dunkl continuous wavelet transform is defined for smooth functions f on R by
(25)
which can also be written in the form
(26)
where is the Dunkl convolution product given by (17).
The Dunkl continuous wavelet transform has been investigated in depth in [17] from which we recall the following fundamental properties.
Theorem 3. Let be a Dunkl wavelet. Then 1) For all we have the Plancherel formula
2) For such that we have
for almost all
3) Assume that For and the function
belongs to and satisfies
3.2. Generalized Wavelets
Definition 3. We say that a function is a generalized wavelet if it satisfies the admissibility condition
(27)
for almost all
Remark 4. 1) The admissibility condition (27) can also be written as
2) If g is real-valued we have, so (27) reduces to
3) If is real-valued and satisfies such that, as then (27) is equivalent to
4) According to (10), (22) and (27), is a generalized wavelet if and only if, is a Dunkl wavelet, and we have
(28)
Notation. For a function g on R and, put
(29)
Remark 5. Notice by (24) and (29) that
(30)
Proposition 4. 1) Let and for some Then and
where q is such that
2) For and p = 1 or 2, we have
Proof. 1) By (30) and [13, Equation (13)], we have
2) By (10), (30) and [13, Equation (11)], we have
which achieves the proof. ■
Definition 4. Let be a generalized wavelet. We define for regular functions f on R, the generalized continuous wavelet transform by
(31)
where
(32)
and are the dual generalized translation operators given by (15).
Remark 6. A combination of (15), (23) and (32) yields
(33)
Proposition 5. Let be a generalized wavelet. Then for all p = 1 or 2, we have
(34)
where # is the generalized convolution product given by (16).
Proof. By (18), (25), (26), (30), (31) and (33), we have
which ends the proof. ■
A combination of Theorem 3 with identities (28), (33) and (34) yields the following basic results for the generalized continuous wavelet transform.
Theorem 4 (Plancherel formula). Let be a generalized wavelet. Then for all we have
Theorem 5 (inversion formula). Let be a generalized wavelet. If and then we have
for almost all
Theorem 6 (Calderon’s formula). Let be a generalized wavelet such that Then for and the function
belongs to and satisfies
3.5. Inversion of the Intertwining Operator tX Using Generalized Wavelets
In order to invert tX we need the following two technical lemmas.
Lemma 2. Let such that
and satisfying
(35)
as Let Then and
where is given by (11).
Proof. We have
As by (3) and (7),
we deduce that
(36)
with
Clearly, So it suffices, in view of (36) and Theorem 2, to prove that h belongs to We have
By (35) there is a positive constant k such that
From the Plancherel theorem for the usual Fourier transform, it follows that
which ends the proof. ■
Lemma 3. Let be real-valued such that and satisfying such that
(37)
as Let Then is a generalized wavelet and
Proof. By using (37) and Lemma 2 we see that, is bounded and
Thus, in view of Remark 4 3), the function satisfies the admissibility condition (27). ■
Recall that the classical continuous wavelet transform is defined for suitable functions f on R by
(38)
where, and is a classical wavelet on R, i.e., satisfying the admissibility condition
(39)
for almost all A more complete and detailed discussion of the properties of the classical continuous wavelet transform can be found in [10].
Remark 7. 1) According to [10], each function satisfying the conditions of Lemma 3 is a classical wavelet.
2) In view of (20), (27) and (39), is a generalized wavelet, if and only if, is a classical wavelet and we have
In the next statement we exhibit a formula relating the generalized continuous wavelet transform to the classical one.
Proposition 6. Let g be as in Lemma 3. Let Then for all p = 1 or 2, we have
Proof. By (34) we have
But
by virtue of (3), (24) and (29). So using (21) and (38) we find that
which gives the desired result.
Combining Theorems 5, 6 with Lemma 3 and Proposition 6 we get Theorem 7. Let g be as in Lemma 3. Let. Then we have the following inversion formulas for the integral transform:
1) If and then for almost all we have
2) For and the function
satisfies
4. Acknowledgements
This work was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at the University of Dammam under the reference 2012018.
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NOTES
*Corresponding author.