A biomaterial is any substance that has been engineered to interact with biological systems for a medical purpose - either a therapeutic (treat, augment, repair or replace a tissue function of the body) or a diagnostic one. As a science, biomaterials is about fifty years old. The study of biomaterials is called biomaterials science or biomaterials engineering. It has experienced steady and strong growth over its history, with many companies investing large amounts of money into the development of new products. Biomaterials science encompasses elements of medicine, biology, chemistry, tissue engineering and materials science.

In the present book, fifteen typical literatures about biomaterial published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress, which contains reviews or original researches on mesenchymal stem cells, antimicrobial property, polymeric biomaterial, biomaterial mud, etc. We hope this book can demonstrate advances in biomaterials as well as give references to the researchers, students and other related people.