Autophagy is the natural, regulated,
destructive mechanism of the cell that disassembles unnecessary or
dysfunctional components. Autophagy allows the orderly degradation and
recycling of cellular components. In macroautophagy, targeted cytoplasmic
constituents are isolated from the rest of the cell within a double-membraned
vesicle known as an autophagosome. The autophagosome eventually fuses with
lysosomes and the contents are degraded and recycled. Three forms of autophagy
are commonly described: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated
autophagy (CMA), along with mitophagy.