When cancer is suspected, a variety of biopsy techniques can be applied. An excisional biopsy is an attempt to remove an entire lesion. When the specimen is evaluated, in addition to diagnosis, the amount of uninvolved tissue around the lesion, the surgical margin of the specimen is examined to see if the disease has spread beyond the area biopsied. When intact removal is not indicated for a variety of reasons, a wedge of tissue may be taken in an incisional biopsy. Pathologic examination of a biopsy can determine whether a lesion is benign or malignant, and can help differentiate between different types of cancer. In contrast to a biopsy that merely samples a lesion, a larger excisional specimen called a resection may come to a pathologist, typically from a surgeon attempting to eradicate a known lesion from a patient. Examination of the full mastectomy specimen would confirm the exact nature of the cancer (subclassification of tumor and histologic “grading”) and reveal the extent of its spread (pathologic “staging”).

In the present book, fourteen typical literatures about pathological biopsy published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress, which contains reviews or original researches on medical science, biopsy, pathology, surgical procedures, ect. We hope this book can demonstrate advances in pathological biopsy as well as give references to the researchers, students and other related people.