Effect of Gold Nanoparticle on Percentage Depth Dose of 18 MV X-Ray in MAGICA Polymer Gel Dosimeter

Mohammad Mahdavi, Mahbobeh Khadem-Abolfazli, Seyed Rabee Mahdi Mahdavi, Gholamreza Ataei

Medical Physics Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Para Medical Department, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Physics Department, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran.

DOI: 10.4236/ojm.2013.32006                

Abstract

Radiation-sensitive polymer gels are among the most promising three-dimensional dose verification tools and tissue-like phantom developed to date. This study is an investigating of percentage depth dose enhancement within the gel medium with the use of conformal distribution gold nanoparticle as contrast agents by high atomic number material. In this work, the normoxic polymer gel dosimeter MAGICA tissue-equivalence was first theoretically verified using MCNPX Monte Carlo code and experimentally by percentage depth dose curves within the gel medium. Then gold nanoparticles (GNPs) of 50 nm diameter with different concentrations of 0.1 mM, 0.2 mM, and 0.4 mM were embedded in MAGICA gel and irradiated by 18 MV photon beam. Experimental results have shown dose increase of 10%, 2% and 4% in 0.1 mM, 0.2 mM and 0.4 mM concentrations, respectively. Simulation results had good agreement in the optimum concentration of 0.1 mM. The largest error between experimental and simulation results was equal to 9.28% stood for 0.4 mM concentration. The results showed that the optimum concentration of gold nanoparticles to achieve maximum absorbed dose in both experimental and simulation was 0.1 mM and so it can be used for clinical studies.

Keywords

Percentage Depth Dose; Polymer Gel Dosimeter; Gold Nanoparticles

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	G. S. Ibbott, “Application of Gel Dosimetry,” Journal of Physics, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2004, pp. 58-77. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/3/1/007
[2]	P. M. Fong, D. C. Keil, M. D. Does and J. C. Gore, “Polymer Gels for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Radiation Dose Distributions at Normal Room Atmosphere,” Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 46, No. 12, 2001, pp. 3105-3113. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/46/12/303
[3]	M. H. Zahmatkesh, R. Kousari, S. Akhlaghpour and S. A. Bagheri, “MRI Gel Dosimetry with Methacrylic Acid, Ascorbic Acid, Hydroquinone and Copper in Agarose (MAGICA) Gel,” In: Preliminary Proceedings of DOSGEL Ghent, Ghent, 13-16 September 2004, pp. 13-16.
[4]	Y. De Deene, “Essential Characteristics of Polymer Gel Dosimeters,” Journal of Physics, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2004, pp. 34-57. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/3/1/006
[5]	Y. De Deene, C. Hurley, A. Venning, K. Vergote, M. Mather, B. J. Healy, et al., “A Basic Study of Some Normoxic Polymer Gel Dosimeters,” Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 47, No. 19, 2002, pp. 3441-3463. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/47/19/301
[6]	Y. De Deene, C. D. Wagter, W. D. Neve and E. Achten, “Artifacts in Multi-Echo T2 Imaging for High-Precision gel Dosimetry: I. Analysis and Compensation of Eddy Currents,” Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 45, No. 7, 2000, pp. 1807-1823. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/45/7/307
[7]	Y. De Deene, C. D. Wagter, W. D. Neve and E. Achten, “Artifacts in Multi-Echo T2 Imaging for High-Precision Gel Dosimetry: II. Analysis of B1-Field Inhomogeneity,” Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 45, No. 7, 2000, pp. 1825-1839. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/45/7/308
[8]	Y. D. Deene and C. D. Wagter, “Artefacts in Multi-Echo T2 Imaging for High-Precision Gel Dosimetry: III. Effects of Temperature Drift during Scanning,” Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 46, No. 10, 2001, pp. 2697-2711.