Towards Effective Bus Lane Monitoring Using Camera Sensors

Xu Li, Xuegang Yu, Ke He

.

DOI: 10.4236/wsn.2011.35020                

Abstract

City administrators need to guarantee bus priority in urban public transportation. Building large-scale dedicated bus lanes is a cost-effective solution but it suffers from illegal utilization of dedicated bus lines by other non-permitted vehicles. In general, two systems can be utilized for bus lane monitoring: road-side system and bus mounted system. Although the former one has the advantage in terms of larger surveillance coverage, the investment cost makes it less feasible because of scalability issue. In this paper, we focus on bus mounted system to improve surveillance coverage without additional infrastructure cost. We introduce DoubleChecking, a cooperative violator identification scheme that can accurately pick out those non-permitted vehicles or violators. DoubleChecking is designed to improve the surveillance coverage of bus mounted system by using communications/cooperation between mounted camera sensors and existing camera sensors around intersections. Through theoretical analysis and simulation results, we show that DoubleChecking yields good performance for violator identification.

Keywords

Cooperative Violator Identification, Bus Lane Enforcement System, Sensors, ITS

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	A.R.Girard. Hybrid supervisory control for real-time embedded bus rapid transit applications. IEEE Transac- tions on Vehicular Technology, Vol 54, Issue 5, pp.1684 -1696, 2005.
[2]	Trevor Ellis. Deterring Bus Lane Bandits. Traffic Tech- nology International Annual Review, 1998.
[3]	U. Lee, E. Magistretti, M. Gerla, P. Bellavista, and A. Corradi, “Dissemination and harvesting of urban data using vehicular sensor platforms,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 58, 2009, pp. 882-901.
[4]	Michel Sede, Xu Li, Da Li and Min-You Wu. BLER: Routing in Large-Scale Buses Ad Hoc Networks. Intl. Conf. of WCNC, 2008.
[5]	Y.Yang, R.Bagrodia. Evaluation of VANET-based Advanced Intelligent Transportation Systems. ACM VANET 2009.
[6]	Hongzi Zhu, Minglu Li, et al. SEER: Metropolitan-scale Traffic Perception Based on Lossy Sensory Data. IEEE INFOCOM 2009.
[7]	B.Hull, V.Bychkovsky. CarTel: A Distributed Mobile Sensor Computing System. ACM SenSys, 2006.
[8]	J.Eriksson, H.Balakrishnan, Samuel Madden. Cabernet: Vehicular Content Delivery Using WiFi. ACM MOBI-
[9]	COM, 2008.
[10]	A.Thiagarajan, L.Ravindranath. VTrack: Accurate, Energy-Aware Road Traffic Delay Estimation Using Mobile Phones. ACM SENSYS, Berkeley, CA, November 2009.
[11]	Xu Li, Wei Shu, et al. Performance Evaluation of Vehicle-based Mobile Sensor Networks for Traffic Monitoring. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Volume 58, Issue 4, May 2009 Page(s):1647-1653.
[12]	Xu Li, et al. Traffic Data Processing in Vehicular Sensor Networks, Intl. Conf. of ICCCN, 2008.
[13]	Xu Li, H.Huang, et al. VStore: Towards Cooperative Storage in Vehicular Sensor Networks for Mobile Sur- veillance, IEEE WCNC, 2009.
[14]	D.Turner, P.Monger. The Bus Lane Enforcement Cameras Project: The London Area Scheme. Traffic Engineering & Control, Vol. 38, 1997, 529-539.
[15]	S.Lewis, The Bus Lane Enforcement Cameras Handbook (Provisional), PSDB Publication No. 17/96, Home Office, St Albans, UK, 1996.
[16]	A.Wiggins, “Birmingham Bus Lane Enforcement Sys- tem”, Conference on Road Transport Information & Con- trol, IEE Conference Publication No. 454, 1998, 80-81.
[17]	G.Hill. Bus Lane Violation Detection/Deterrent BLVDD. BAA Heathrow, 1998.
[18]	M.D.Eichler. Bus Lanes with Intermittent Priority: Assessment and Design” Masters of City Planning Thesis, Department of City and Regional Planning, University of California, Berkeley.
[19]	M.D.Eichler. Bus lanes with intermittent priority: Screening formulae and an evaluation. working paper UCB-ITS-VWP-2005-2, UC Berkeley Center for Future Urban Transport.
[20]	S.Greenhill, S.Venkatesh. Distributed Query Processing for Mobile Surveillance, ACM Multimedia 2007.
[21]	B.Scheuermann. A Fundamental Scalability Criterion for Data Aggregation in VANETs. ACM MOBICOM 2009.
[22]	S.Greenhill, S.Venkatesh. Virtual Observers in a Mobile Surveillance System, ACM Multimedia 2006.