Detection of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Using a Mechanism for Controlling Hydrogen Sulfide Production

Abstract

To know the relation between NaCl concentration and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production by MY Phenomenon of Salmonella, we developed a method to control H2S production by Salmonella in this study. Desoxycholate-hydrogen sulfide-lactose (DHL) agar was used as the selective medium for Salmonella. Triple sugar iron (TSI) agar was used as the screening medium. Citric acid disks were placed on DHL agar. NaCl was added to both media. After 24 hours incubation, H2S production on DHL agar was stimulated by citric acid, whereas production was suppressed by adding NaCl. The color change in the bottom of the TSI medium was due to the low production of black FeS. The production of FeS was reduced by lower H2S production by Salmonella with an increasing concentration of NaCl from 0.5% to 3%. The inhibition of the black color meant that the color change due to glucose fermentation could be seen clearly in the bottom of the agar. The current method cannot detect glucose fermentation but the addition of more NaCl to the TSI medium allowed the visualization of glucose fermentation by Salmonella. Although H2S production of salmonella was promoted by citrate etc., being controlled by sodium chloride was proved in this study. Thus, we had developed a possibility of novel technique for the detection of Salmonella etc.

Share and Cite:

Midorikawa, Y. , Nakamura, S. , Phetsouvanh, R. and Midorikawa, K. (2014) Detection of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Using a Mechanism for Controlling Hydrogen Sulfide Production. Open Journal of Medical Microbiology, 4, 90-95. doi: 10.4236/ojmm.2014.41010.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] Stevens, M.P., Humphrey, T.J. and Maskell, D.J. (2009) Molecular Insights into Farm Animal and Zoonotic Salmonella Infections. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, 27, 2709-2723.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0093
[2] Herikstad, H., Motarjemi, Y. and Tauxe, R.V. (2002) Salmonella Surveillance: A Global Survey of Public Health Serotyping. Epidemioly and Infection, 129, 1-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268802006842
[3] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2008) Salmonella: Annual Summary, 2006. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, Atlanta.
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/phlisdata/salmtab/2006/SalmonellaAnnualSummary
[4] Coburn, B., Grassl, G.A. and Finlay, B.B. (2007) Salmonella, the Host and Disease: A Brief Review. Immunology and Cell Biology, 85, 112-118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.icb.7100007
[5] Bhatta, D.R., Bangtrakulnonth, A., Tishyadhigama, P., Saroj, S.D., Bandekar, J.R., Hendriksen, R.S. and Kapadnis, B.P. (2007) Serotyping, PCR, Phage-Typing and Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Urban Drinking Water Supply Systems of Nepal. Letter in Appllied Microbiology, 44, 588-594.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02133.x
[6] Wise, M.G., Siragusa, G.R., Plumblee, J., Healy, M., Cray, P.J. and Seal, B.S. (2009) Predicting Salmonella enterica Serotypes by Repetitive Sequence-Based PCR. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 76, 18-24.
[7] Bale, J.A., Pinna de, E., Threlfall, E.J. and Ward, L.R. (2007) Kauffmann-White Scheme 2007: Salmonella Identification; Serotypes and Antigenic Formulae. Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London.
[8] Grimont, P.A.D. and Weill, F.X. (2007) Antigenic Formulae of the Salmonella Serovars. 9th Edition, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Salmonella, Institut Pasteur, Paris.
[9] Midorikawa, Y., Nakamura, S., Newton, P., Phetsouvanh, R. and Midorikawa, K. (2009) A Phenomenon for Detect Salmonella Using Device from Citrus Extracts. Tropical Medicine and Health, 37, 115-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2149/tmh.2008-29
[10] Midorikawa, Y., Nakamura, S., Phetsouvanh, R., Vongsouvaht, M. and Midorikawa, K. (2010) Detection of Non-Typhoid Salmonella Infection by Citrus and Citrus Extracts in Lao PDR. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 3, 939-942.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60004-7
[11] Ma, M., Amano, T., Enokimoto, M., Yano, T., Moe, K.K. and Misawa, N. (2007) Influence of pH of TSI Medium on the Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide Production by Campylobacter hyointestinalis. Letter in Applied Microbiology, 44, 544-549.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.02097.x
[12] Midorikawa, Y., Nakamura, S., Iwade, Y., Sugiyama, A., Sisavath, L. and Phakhounthong, R. (1996) Bacterial Diarrhea in Laos, a Region Where Cholerae Was Endemic. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 27, 724-727.
[13] Malorny, B. and Hoorfar, J. (2005) Toward Standardization of Diagnostic PCR Testing of Fecal Samples: Lessons from the Detection of Salmonellae in Pigs. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 43, 3033-3037.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.7.3033-3037.2005
[14] Wonderling, L., Pearce, R., Wallace, F.M., Call, J. E., Feder, I., Tamplin, M. and Luchansky, J.B. (2003) Use of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis to Characterize the Heterogeneity and Clonality of Salmonella Isolates Obtained from the Carcasses and Feces of Swine at Slaughter. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69, 4177-4182.
[15] Washio, J., Sato, T., Koseki, T. and Takahashi, N. (2005) Hydrogen Sulfide-Producing Bacteria in Tongue Biofilm and Their Relationship with Oral Malodour. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 54, 889-895.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46118-0
[16] Vandenberg, O., Nyarukweba, D.Z., Ndeba, P.M., Hendriksen, R.S., Barzilay, E.J., Schirvel, C., Bisimwa, B.B., Collard, J.M., Aidra Kane, A. and Aarestrup, F.M. (2010) Microbiologic and Clinical Features of Salmonella Species Isolated from Bacteremic Children in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 29, 504-510.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e3181cd615a

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.