[1]
|
Pang, T. and Peeling, R.W. (2007) Diagnostic Tests for Infectious Diseases in the Developing World: Two Sides of the Coin. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 101, 856-857.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.04.014
|
[2]
|
Peeling, R.W. and Mabey, D. (2010) Point-of-Care Tests for Diagnosing Infections in the Developing World. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 16, 1062-1069.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03279.x
|
[3]
|
Laszlo, A. (1996) Tuberculosis Bacteriology Laboratory Services and Incremental Protocols for Developing Countries. Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, 16, 697-716.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-2712(18)30262-2
|
[4]
|
Grandjean, L. and Moore, D.A. (2008) Tuberculosis in the Developing World: Recent Advances in Diagnosis with Special Consideration of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 21, 454-461.
https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0b013e32830ce783
|
[5]
|
Steingart, K.R., Flores, L.L., Dendukuri, N., Schiller, I., Laal, S., Ramsay, A., et al. (2011) Commercial Serological Tests for the Diagnosis of Active Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS Medicine, 8, e1001062. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001062
|
[6]
|
Nuti, D.E., Crump, R.B., Dwi Handayani, F., Chantratita, N., Peacock, S.J., Bowen, R., et al. (2011) Identification of Circulating Bacterial Antigens by In Vivo Microbial Antigen Discovery. mBio, 2, e00136-11-e-11.
|
[7]
|
Abate, G., Aseffa, A., Selassie, A., Goshu, S., Fekade, B., WoldeMeskal, D., et al. (2004) Direct Colorimetric Assay for Rapid Detection of Rifampin-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 871-873.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.2.871-873.2004
|
[8]
|
Keiser, J., Utzinger, J., Premji, Z., Yamagata, Y. and Singer, B.H. (2002) Acridine Orange for Malaria Diagnosis: Its Diagnostic Performance, Its Promotion and Implementation in Tanzania, and the Implications for Malaria Control. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology, 96, 643-654.
https://doi.org/10.1179/000349802125001834
|
[9]
|
Krafft, A.E. and Kulesh, D.A. (2001) Applying Molecular Biological Techniques to Detecting Biological Agents. Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, 21, 631-660.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-2712(18)30026-X
|
[10]
|
Versalovic, J. and Lupski, J.R. (2002) Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Pathogens: More Accurate and Rapid Answers. Trends in Microbiology, 10, s15-s21.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-842X(02)02438-1
|
[11]
|
Vanbelkum, A. (2003) Molecular Diagnostics in Medical Microbiology: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 3, 497-501.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1471-4892(03)00108-5
|
[12]
|
Procop, G.W. (2007) Molecular Diagnostics for the Detection and Characterization of Microbial Pathogens. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 45, S99-S111.
|
[13]
|
Leski, T.A., Malanoski, A.P., Stenger, D.A. and Lin, B. (2010) Target Amplification for Broad Spectrum Microbial Diagnostics and Detection. Future Microbiology, 5, 191-203. https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb.09.126
|
[14]
|
Mikhailovich, V., Gryadunov, D., Kolchinsky, A., Makarov, A.A. and Zasedatelev, A. (2008) DNA Microarrays in the Clinic: Infectious Diseases. BioEssays, 30, 673-682. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.20781
|
[15]
|
Miller, M.B. and Tang, Y.W. (2009) Basic Concepts of Microarrays and Potential Applications in Clinical Microbiology. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 22, 611-633.
https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00019-09
|
[16]
|
Kaittanis, C., Santra, S. and Perez, J.M. (2010) Emerging Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for the Identification of Microbial Pathogenesis. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 62, 408-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.013
|
[17]
|
Klouche, M. and Schröder, U. (2008) Rapid Methods for Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infections. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 46, 888-908.
https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2008.157
|
[18]
|
WHO (2011) Commercial Serodiagnostic Tests for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis: Policy Statement WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee. World Health Organization, Geneva.
|
[19]
|
WHO (2012) Global Tuberculosis Report 2012 (WHO/HTM/TB/2012.6). World Health Organization, Geneva.
|
[20]
|
Steingart, K.R., Ramsay, A. and Pai, M. (2007) Optimizing Sputum Smear Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, 5, 327-331. https://doi.org/10.1586/14787210.5.3.327
|
[21]
|
Getahun, H., Harrington, M., O’Brien, R. and Nunn, P. (2007) Diagnosis of Smear-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis in People with HIV Infection or AIDS in Resource-Constrained Settings: Informing Urgent Policy Changes. The Lancet, 369, 2042-2049. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60284-0
|
[22]
|
Rahman, M.S., Abdul Mazid Miah, M., Khaled, H.M., Islam, A. and Panaullah, G.M. (2010) Arsenic Concentrations in Groundwater, Soils, and Irrigated Rice in Southwestern Bangladesh. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 41, 1889-1895. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2010.495800
|
[23]
|
WHO (2009) Strategic and Technical Advisory Group on Tuberculosis (STAG-TB). WHO, Geneva.
|
[24]
|
Daley, P., Michael, J.S., Hmar, P., Latha, A., Chordia, P., Mathai, D., et al. (2009) Blinded Evaluation of Commercial Urinary Lipoarabinomannan for Active Tuberculosis: A Pilot Study. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease: The Official Journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 13, 989-995.
|
[25]
|
Steingart, K.R., Henry, M., Laal, S., Hopewell, P.C., Ramsay, A., Menzies, D., et al. (2007) Correction: Commercial Serological Antibody Detection Tests for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review. PLoS Medicine, 4, e254.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040254
|
[26]
|
Lim, S.S., Vos, T., Flaxman, A.D., Danaei, G., Shibuya, K., Adair-Rohani, H., et al. (2010) A Comparative Risk Assessment of Burden of Disease and Injury Attributable to 67 Risk Factors and Risk Factor Clusters in 21 Regions: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. The Lancet, 380, 2224-2260.
|
[27]
|
Morgan, M., Kalantri, S., Flores, L. and Pai, M. (2005) A Commercial Line Probe Assay for the Rapid Detection of Rifampicin Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases, 5, 62.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-5-62
|
[28]
|
Mitarai, S., Kato, S., Ogata, H., Aono, A., Chikamatsu, K., Mizuno, K., et al. (2011) Comprehensive Multicenter Evaluation of a New Line Probe Assay Kit for Identification of Mycobacterium Species and Detection of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 50, 884-890.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.05638-11
|
[29]
|
Barnard, M., Albert, H., Coetzee, G., O’Brien, R. and Bosman, M.E. (2008) Rapid Molecular Screening for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a High-Volume Public Health Laboratory in South Africa. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 177, 787-792. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200709-1436OC
|
[30]
|
Hillemann, D., Rusch-Gerdes, S. and Richter, E. (2007) Evaluation of the GenoType MTBDRplus Assay for Rifampin and Isoniazid Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains and Clinical Specimens. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 45, 2635-2640. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00521-07
|
[31]
|
Helb, D., Jones, M., Story, E., Boehme, C., Wallace, E., Ho, K., et al. (2009) Rapid Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampin Resistance by Use of On-Demand, Near-Patient Technology. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 48, 229-237. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01463-09
|
[32]
|
WHO (2010) Roadmap for Rolling out Xpert MTB/RIF for Rapid Diagnosis of TB and MDR-TB. WHO, Geneva.
|
[33]
|
Butcher, P.D. (2004) Microarrays for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis, 84, 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2004.01.002
|
[34]
|
Volokhov, D.V., Chizhikov, V.E., Denkin, S. and Zhang, Y. (2009) Molecular Detection of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a Scanning-Frame Oligonucleotide Microarray. Methods in Molecular Biology, 465, 395-417.
|
[35]
|
Wongsrichanalai, C., Barcus, M.J., Muth, S., Sutamihardja, A. and Wernsdorfer, W.H. (2007) A Review of Malaria Diagnostic Tools: Microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT). The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 77, 119-127.
|
[36]
|
CDC WU (2012) Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test Performance: Results of WHO Product Testing of Malaria RDTs: Round 4 (2012). World Health Organization.
|
[37]
|
Fleischer, B. (2004) Editorial: 100 Years Ago: Giemsa’s Solution for Staining of Plasmodia. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 9, 755-756.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2004.01278.x
|
[38]
|
Spencer, H.C., Skinner, J.C., Chin, W. and Collins, W.E. (1979) The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa) for Malaria. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 28, 927-932. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1979.28.927
|
[39]
|
Sulzer, A.J., Hall, E.C. and Wilson, M. (1969) Indirect Fluorescent-Antibody Tests for Parasitic Diseases. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 18, 199-205. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1969.18.199
|
[40]
|
Shiff, C.J., Minjas, J. and Premji, Z. (1994) The ParaSightR-F Test: A Simple Rapid Manual Dipstick Test to Detect Plasmodium falciparum Infection. Parasitology Today, 10, 494-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(94)90164-3
|
[41]
|
Moody, A.H. and Chiodini, P.L. (2002) Non-Microscopic Method for Malaria Diagnosis Using OptiMAL IT, a Second-Generation Dipstick for Malaria pLDH Antigen Detection. British Journal of Biomedical Science, 59, 228-231.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09674845.2002.11783665
|
[42]
|
ASTDR (2017) Agency of Toxic Substance and Disease Registry Substance Priority List. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences.
|
[43]
|
Johnston, S.P., Pieniazek, N.J., Xayavong, M.V., Slemenda, S.B., Wilkins, P.P. and da Silva, A.J. (2006) PCR as a Confirmatory Technique for Laboratory Diagnosis of Malaria. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 44, 1087-1089.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.44.3.1087-1089.2006
|
[44]
|
Khairnar, K., Martin, D., Lau, R., Ralevski, F. and Pillai, D.R. (2009) Multiplex Real-Time Quantitative PCR, Microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Immuno-Chromatographic Tests for the Detection of Plasmodium SPP: Performance, Limit of Detection Analysis and Quality Assurance. Malaria Journal, 8, 284.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-8-284
|
[45]
|
Poon, L.L.M. (2005) Sensitive and Inexpensive Molecular Test for Falciparum Malaria: Detecting Plasmodium falciparum DNA Directly from Heat-Treated Blood by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. Clinical Chemistry, 52, 303-306.
https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2005.057901
|
[46]
|
Paris, D.H., Imwong, M., Faiz, A.M., Hasan, M., Yunus, E.B., Silamut, K. et al. (2007) Loop-Mediated Isothermal PCR (LAMP) for the Diagnosis of Falciparum Malaria. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 77, 972-976.
|
[47]
|
WHO (2015) Global Aids Response Progress Reporting.
|
[48]
|
Van Binsbergen, J., De Rijk, D., Peels, H., Dries, C., Scherders, J., Koolen, M., et al. (1996) Evaluation of a New Third Generation Anti-HIV-1/Anti-HIV-2 Assay with Increased Sensitivity for HIV-1 Group O. Journal of Virological Methods, 60, 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-0934(96)02050-2
|
[49]
|
Weber, B., Thorstensson, R., Tanprasert, S., Schmitt, U. and Melchior, W. (2003) Reduction of the Diagnostic Window in Three Cases of Human Immunodeficiency-1 Subtype E Primary Infection with Fourth-Generation HIV Screening Assays. Vox Sanguinis, 85, 73-79. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1423-0410.2003.00334.x
|
[50]
|
Gürtler, L., Mühlbacher, A., Michl, U., Hofmann, H., Giancarlo Paggi, G., Bossi, V., et al. (1998) Reduction of the Diagnostic Window with a New Combined p24 Antigen and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody Screening Assay. Journal of Virological Methods, 75, 27-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-0934(98)00094-9
|
[51]
|
Speers, D., Phillips, P. and Dyer, J. (2005) Combination Assay Detecting both Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) p24 Antigen and Anti-HIV Antibodies Opens a Second Diagnostic Window. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 43, 5397-5399.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.10.5397-5399.2005
|
[52]
|
Bremer, J.W., Lew, J.F., Cooper, E., Hillyer, G.V., Pitt, J., Handelsman, E., et al. (1996) Diagnosis of Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by a DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay among Infants Enrolled in the Women and Infants’ Transmission Study. The Journal of Pediatrics, 129, 198-207.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(96)70243-3
|
[53]
|
Fischer, A., Lejczak, C., Lambert, C., Servais, J., Makombe, N., Rusine, J., et al. (2004) Simple DNA Extraction Method for Dried Blood Spots and Comparison of Two PCR Assays for Diagnosis of Vertical Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transmission in Rwanda. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 16-20.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.1.16-20.2004
|
[54]
|
Meier, T., Knoll, E., Henkes, M., Enders, G. and Braun, R. (2001) Evidence for a Diagnostic Window in Fourth Generation Assays for HIV. Journal of Clinical Virology, 23, 113-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-6532(01)00183-4
|
[55]
|
WHO (2009) Guidelines for Using HIV Testing Technologies in Surveillance: Selection, Evaluation and Implementation: 2009 Update. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee. World Health Organization, Geneva.
|
[56]
|
Sun, G., Xu, Y., Zheng, Q. and Xi, S. (2011) Arsenicosis History and Research Progress in Mainland China. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 27, 377-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjms.2011.05.004
|
[57]
|
Zaaijer, H.L., Exel-Oehlers, P.V., Kraaijeveld, T., Altena, E. and Lelie, P.N. (1992) Early Detection of Antibodies to HIV-1 by Third-Generation Assays. The Lancet, 340, 770-772. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(92)92303-W
|
[58]
|
Stekler, J.D., Swenson, P.D., Coombs, R.W., Dragavon, J., Thomas, K.K., Brennan, C.A., et al. (2009) HIV Testing in a High-Incidence Population: Is Antibody Testing Alone Good Enough? Clinical Infectious Diseases, 49, 444-453.
https://doi.org/10.1086/600043
|
[59]
|
Patel, P. (2010) Detecting Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Using 3 Different Screening Immunoassays and Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus RNA, 2006-2008. Archives of Internal Medicine, 170, 66-74. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2009.445
|
[60]
|
WHO (2014) Technical and Operational Considerations for Implementing HIV Viral Load Testing. WHO, Geneva.
|
[61]
|
Cattamanchi, A., Huang, L., Worodria, W., den Boon, S., Kalema, N., Katagira, W., et al. (2011) Integrated Strategies to Optimize Sputum Smear Microscopy. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 183, 547-551.
https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201008-1207OC
|
[62]
|
Bell, W.J. and Brown, P.P. (1962) Fluorescence Microscopy in the Laboratory Diagnosis and Assessment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. The Central African Journal of Medicine, 8, 4-9.
|
[63]
|
Githui, W., Kitui, F., Juma, E.S., Obwana, D.O., Mwai, J. and Kwamanga, D. (1993) A Comparative Study on the Reliability of the Fluorescence Microscopy and Ziehl-Neelsen Method in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. East African Medical Journal, 70, 263-266.
|
[64]
|
Kivihya-Ndugga, L.E., van Cleeff, M.R., Githui, W.A., Nganga, L.W., Kibuga, D.K., Odhiambo, J.A., et al. (2003) A Comprehensive Comparison of Ziehl-Neelsen and Fluorescence Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in a Resource-Poor Urban Setting. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease: The Official Journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 7, 1163-1171.
|
[65]
|
Hänscheid, T. (2008) The Future Looks Bright: Low-Cost Fluorescent Microscopes for Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Coccidiae. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 102, 520-521.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.02.020
|
[66]
|
Cuevas, L.E., Al-Sonboli, N., Lawson, L., Yassin, M.A., Arbide, I., Al-Aghbari, N., et al. (2011) LED Fluorescence Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Multi-Country Cross-Sectional Evaluation. PLoS Medicine, 8, e1001057.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001057
|
[67]
|
Albert, H., Nakiyingi, L., Sempa, J., Mbabazi, O., Mukkada, S., Nyesiga, B., et al. (2013) Operational Implementation of LED Fluorescence Microscopy in Screening Tuberculosis Suspects in an Urban HIV Clinic in Uganda. PLoS ONE, 8, e72556.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072556
|
[68]
|
Chang, E.W., Page, A.-L. and Bonnet, M. (2015) Light-Emitting Diode Fluorescence Microscopy for Tuberculosis Diagnosis: A Meta-Analysis. European Respiratory Journal, 47, 929-937. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00978-2015
|
[69]
|
Kudoh, S. and Kudoh, T. (1974) A Simple Technique for Culturing Tubercle Bacilli. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 51, 71-82.
|
[70]
|
Bielecka, M.K., Tezera, L.B., Zmijan, R., Drobniewski, F., Zhang, X., Jayasinghe, S., et al. (2017) A Bioengineered Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Platform Integrated with Microfluidics to Address Antimicrobial Resistance in Tuberculosis. mBio, 8, e02073-16. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02073-16
|
[71]
|
WHO (2008) Molecular Line Probe Assays for Rapid Screening of Patients at Risk of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Policy Statement, 27.
|
[72]
|
Pottumarthy, S., Wells, V.C. and Morris, A.J. (2000) A Comparison of Seven Tests for Serological Diagnosis of Tuberculosis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38, 2227-2231.
|
[73]
|
Heym, B., Honoré, N., Schurra, C., Cole, S.T., Heym, B., Truffot-Pernot, C., et al. (1994) Implications of Multidrug Resistance for the Future of Short-Course Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis: A Molecular Study. The Lancet, 344, 293-298.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91338-2
|
[74]
|
Lawn, S.D. and Nicol, M.P. (2011) Xpert®MTB/RIF Assay: Development, Evaluation and Implementation of a New Rapid Molecular Diagnostic for Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance. Future Microbiology, 6, 1067-1082.
https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb.11.84
|
[75]
|
Jayakumar, A., Savic, R.M., Everett, C.K., Benator, D., Alland, D., Heilig, C.M., et al. (2016) Xpert MTB/RIF Assay Shows Faster Clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA with Higher Levels of Rifapentine Exposure. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 54, 3028-3033. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01313-16
|
[76]
|
WHO (2011) Universal Access to Malaria Diagnostic Testing: An Operational Manual.
|
[77]
|
WHO (2016) Malaria Microscopy Quality Assurance Manual Version 2.
|
[78]
|
Mouatcho, J.C. and Goldring, J.P.D. (2013) Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests: Challenges and Prospects. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 62, 1491-1505.
|
[79]
|
Kozycki, C.T., Umulisa, N., Rulisa, S., Mwikarago, E.I., Musabyimana, J.P., Habimana, J.P., et al. (2017) False-Negative Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Rwanda: Impact of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates Lacking hrp2 and Declining Malaria Transmission. Malaria Journal, 16, 123. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-1768-1
|
[80]
|
Noedl, H., Yingyuen, K., Laoboonchai, A., Fukuda, M., Sirichaisinthop, J. and Miller, R.S. (2006) Sensitivity and Specificity of an Antigen Detection ELISA for Malaria Diagnosis. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 75, 1205-1208.
|
[81]
|
WHO (2015) Consolidated Guidelines on HIV Testing Services: 5Cs: Consent, Confidentiality, Counselling, Correct Results and Connection 2015. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee, World Health Organization, Geneva.
|