Preventive healthcare, or prophylaxis, is the application of healthcare measures to prevent diseases.Disease and disability are affected by environmental factors, genetic predisposition, disease agents, and lifestyle choices, and are dynamic processes that begin before individuals realize they are affected. Disease prevention relies on anticipatory actions that can be categorized as primal, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.

In the present book, ten typical literatures about prevention science published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress, which contains reviews or original researches on prevention science. We hope this book can demonstrate advances in prevention science as well as give references to the researchers, students and other related people.