TITLE:
Mechanisms Efflux Pumps of Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR): Increasing Resistance to Antibiotics
AUTHORS:
Francis T. Dongmo Temgoua, Liang Wu
KEYWORDS:
Acinetobacter baumannii, RND Efflux Pumps, Efflux Transporters, Multidrug Resistant (MDR), Efflux Pumps Inhibitors (EPIs)
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Biosciences and Medicines,
Vol.7 No.1,
January
9,
2019
ABSTRACT: Acinetobacter baumannii has
greatly increased its degree of resistance to become multidrug resistant (MDR)
over the past 30 years and is on the red line of the most widely replicated
bacteria according to World Health Organization (WHO). The efflux pumps are the
main cause for the increasing antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii originated from nosocomial infection. The progressive
resistance of A. baumannii even on
the recent drugs (tigecycline and fosfomycin) reduces to very effective
antibiotic scale. With attention focused on MDR and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) in A. baumannii multiple works on efflux
pumps chemical inhibitor (NMP, PAβN,
omeprazole, verapamil, reserpine, CCCP) are still in progress. Certain
inhibitors from plants (Biricodar and
timcodar, Falvone, Mahonia, Dalea versicolor, Lycopus
europaeus, and Rosmarinus officinalis)
have the capability to have such compounds according to their very significant
synergistic effect with antibiotics. In this review we focused on the growth of
antibiotic resistance to explain the mechanism of efflux pumps into these
different super families and a comprehensive understanding of the extrusion,
regulation and physiology role of drug efflux pumps in the essential
development of anti-resistivity drugs. We recapitulated the evolution of the
work carried out in these fields during the last years and in the course of
elaboration, with the aim of increasing the chances of decreasing bacterial
resistivity to antibiotics.