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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Port and Shipping Express Management: The Challenges Faced by West and Central Africa in This Century

  AUTHORS: Regine Adele Ngono Fouda

  KEYWORDS: WCA; Shipping Convey; Ports Sectors; Ineffectiveness & Disproportion; Constraints; Containerization; Port Reforms; Competence & Management

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol.2 No.4, December 26, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Shipping industry has become more capital intensive, technically more demanding and subject to major global regulatory reforms. As a consequence, the number of African shipping lines has been severely reduced. International trade of the WCA countries remains weak, limited to 30% of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the port and shipping convey management in the WCA region, and of course to describe what has been achieved since then and what still have to be done to better its infrastructures and port community.