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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: The Ventral Ascending Noradrenergic Bundles Are Involved in the Stress Response to Immobilization in Rats

  AUTHORS: Toshihiro Yoshihara, Yasutaka Yawaka

  KEYWORDS: Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, Immobilization Stress, 6-Hydroxydopamine, Ventral Ascending Bundles of Noradrenergic Neurons, Rat

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science, Vol.5 No.3, March 4, 2015

  ABSTRACT: Stressful stimuli induced by immobilization are perceived as acute stress in rats. This acute stress activates corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), resulting in stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The ventral ascending noradrenergic bundles (V-NAB) from the brainstem innervate the PVN. To investigate the relationship between the response of the HPA axis and the V-NAB, we examined changes in plasma corticosterone, the final output of the HPA axis, and extracellular noradrenaline (NA) in the PVN following immobilization stress in rats that received bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the V-NAB. 6-OHDA microinjection into the V-NAB reduced the magnitude of the responses of plasma corticosterone and extracellular NA in the PVN following immobilization stress. Our results suggest that V-NAB innervation of the PVN is involved in immobilization stress-induced activation of the HPA axis.