A Review of Geothermal Type-Curves with Damage Effect: A Case of Practical Apply to a Mexican Geothermal Field

Siomara López-Blanco, Alfonso Aragón-Aguilar, Víctor Arellano-Gómez, Georgina Izquierdo-Montalvo, Sócrates Santoyo-Gutiérrez, Abel Hernández-Ochoa

Instituto de Investigaciones Eléctricas, Reforma 113, Col. Palmira, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
Universidad Popular de la Chontalpa, Carr. Cárdenas-Huimanguillo km. 2.0, Cárdenas Tabasco, México.

DOI: 10.4236/ijg.2012.33059                

Abstract

A review of the art state was developed about the inflow relationships and their application for reservoir characterization. The theoretical development of the methodology for determining the damage effect using type-curves of the inflow relationships was shown. We show the process followed for achieve the geothermal type-curve affected with damage for reservoirs with mean salinities of 30000 ppm and temperatures up to 350℃. This type-curve was applied using measurement production data in a Mexican geothermal field. According with the obtained results is shown that the methodology for determining the damage effect using production measurements is a sure alternative for the damage effect calculation. It was used an alternative methodology in order to validate the damage presence and the obtained results were consistent. Last thing shows that both methodologies can be combined as a confident manner.

Keywords

Geothermal Reservoir; Inflow Performance Relationships; Type-Curves; Damage Effect; Well Production; Mass Flow Rate; Output Curves

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	A. Battistelli, C. Calore and K. Pruess, “The Simulator TOUGH2/EWASG for Modeling Geothermal Reservoirs with Brines and Non-Condensibles Gas,” Geothermics, Vol. 26, No. 4, 1997, pp. 437-464.doi:10.1016/S0375-6505(97)00007-2
[2]	L. N. Gutiérrez, “Recursos Geotérmicos de México,” Pro- ceedings Simposio Internacional de Geología Ambiental para Planificación del uso de Territorio, Puerto Varas, 4-6 November 2002, pp. 67-70.
[3]	S. L. Moya, A. Aragón and L. González, “Estimación de Curvas Características de Producción de Pozos Geotér- micos Empleando dos Curvas de Referencia Adimen- sionales del Comportamiento de Influjo,” Ingeniería Hi- dráulica en México, Vol. 12, No. 3, 1997, pp. 35-40.
[4]	A. Aragón, G. Izquierdo, M. Pal-Verma and S. Santoyo, “Análisis de Influjo en Pozos Geotérmicos para la De- terminación de sus Flujos Máximos,” Ingeniería Hidr- áulica en México, Vol. 24, No.1, 2009, pp. 73-83.
[5]	S. L. Moya, D. Uribe, A. Aragón and A. García, “For- mation Permeability at the Feedzone of Geothermal Wells Employing Inflow Type-Curves,” Geofísica Internacional, Vol. 40, No. 3, 2001, pp. 163-180.
[6]	H. H. Evinger and M. Muskat, “Calculations of The- oretical Productivity Factor,” Transaction of American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engi- neers, Vol. 146, No. 1, 1942, pp. 126-139.
[7]	D. R. Horner, “Pressure Build-Up in Wells,” Proceedings of 3rd World Petroleum Congress, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1951, p. 503.
[8]	J. E. Warren and P. J. Root, “The Behavior of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs,” SPE Journal, Vol. 3, No. 3, 1963, pp. 245-255.
[9]	C. S. Matthews and D. G. Russell, “Pressure Buildup and Flow Test in Wells,” Monograph, Vol. 1, Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, Henry L. Doherty Series, Dallas, 1977.
[10]	R. G. Agarwal, R. Al-Hussainy and H. J. Ramey Jr., “An Investigation of Wellbore Storage and Skin Effect in Unsteady Liquid Flow: I. Analytical Treatment,” SPE Journal, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1970, pp. 279-290.
[11]	H. J. Ramey, “Short-Time Well Test Data Interpretation in the Presence of Skin Effect and Wellbore Storage,” Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 22, No. 1, 1970, pp. 97-104.
[12]	R. C. Earlougher Jr., “Advances in Well Test Analysis,” Monograph, Vol. 5, Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, Dallas, 1977.
[13]	J. R. Rivera and H. J. Ramey Jr., “Application of Two- Rate Flow Tests to the Determination of Geothermal Reservoirs Parameters,” Proceedings of 52th Annual Fall Meeting of Society of Petroleum Engineers, Denver, 9-12 October 1977, pp. 346-353.
[14]	J. Barua and R. Horne, “Computerized Analysis of Ther- mal Recovery Well Test Data,” SPE Journal, Formation Evaluation, Vol. 2, No. 4, 1997, pp. 560-566.
[15]	C. S. Chen and C. C. Chang, “Theoretical Evaluation of Non-Uniform Skin Effect on Aquifer Response under Constant Rate Pumping,” Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 317, No. 3-4, 2006, pp. 190-201.doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.05.017
[16]	A. Aragón, G. Izquierdo and V. Arellano, “Practical Application of the Damage Determination in a Well,” Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, Vol. 34, 2010, pp. 1125-1130.
[17]	M. Muskat, “The Production Histories of Oil Producing Gas-Drive Reservoirs,” Journal Applied Physics, Vol. 16, 1945, pp. 147-153. doi:10.1063/1.1707566
[18]	A. F. Van Everdingen and W. Hurst, “The Application of the LaPlace Transformation to Flow Problems in Re- servoirs,” Petroleum Transactions AIME, Vol. 196, 1949, pp. 156-164.
[19]	A. F. Van Everdingen, “The Skin Effect and Its Influence on the Productive Capacity of a Wells,” Transaction of American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petro- leum Engineers, Vol. 203, 1952, pp. 171-176.
[20]	W. E. Gilbert, “Flowing and Gas-Lift Well Performance,” Drilling and Production Practice, Vol. 13, 1954, pp. 126-157.
[21]	W. T. Weller, “Reservoir Performance during Two-Phase Flow,” Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 18, No. 2, 1966, pp. 240-246. doi:10.2118/1334-PA
[22]	J. V. Vogel, “Inflow Performance Relationships for Solu- tion Gas Drive Wells,” Annual Fall Meeting of Society of Petroleum Engineers, Dallas, 29 September-2 October 1968, pp. 66-79.
[23]	M. B. Standing, “Inflow Performance Relationships for Damaged Wells Producing by Solution-Gas Drive,” Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 21, No. 11, 1970, pp. 1399-1400.
[24]	J. J. Fetkovich, “The Isochronal Testing of Oil Wells,” SPE 48th Annual Fall Meeting, Las Vegas, 30 Sep- tember-3 October 1973, pp. 78-84.
[25]	M. A. Klins and M. W. Majcher, “Inflow Performance Relationships for Damaged or Improved Wells Producing under Solution-Gas Drive,” Journal of Petroleum Tech- nology, Vol. 44, No. 12, 1992, pp. 1357-1363.doi:10.2118/19852-PA
[26]	M. A. Klins and L. Clark, “An Improved Method to Predict Future IPR Curves,” SPE Reservoir Engineering, Society of Petroleum Engineers, San Antonio, 1993, pp. 243-248.
[27]	M. L. Wiggins, “Generalized Inflow Performance Rela- tionships for Three-Phase Flow,” Production Operations Symposium, Oklahoma City, 25-28 March 1994, pp. 275-286.
[28]	A. Grant, G. Donaldson and F. Bixley, “Geothermal Re- servoir Engineering,” Academic Press, New York, 1982.
[29]	S. P. Kjaran and J. Elliasson, “Geothermal Reservoir Engineering,” Lecture Notes, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 1982, pp. 222-236.
[30]	S. K. Garg and T. D. Riney, “Analysis of Flow Data from the DOW/DOE, L.R. Sweezy No. 1 Well,” Topical Report, La Jolla, 1984, pp. 78-83. doi:10.2172/5096904
[31]	M. H. Chu, “Inflow Performance Relationships for Geo- pressured Geothermal Wells,” Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, Vol. 12, 1988, pp. 437-440.
[32]	R. James, “One Curve Fits All,” Proceedings of 14th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stan- ford University, Stanford, 24-26 January 1989, pp. 329-334.
[33]	C. Gunn and D. Freeston, “Applicability of Geothermal Inflow Performance and Quadratic Drawdown Relation- ships to Wellbore Output Curve Prediction,” Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, Vol. 15, 1991, pp. 471- 475.
[34]	E. Iglesias and S. L. Moya, “Geothermal Inflow Perfor- mance Relationships,” Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, Vol. 14, 1990, pp. 1201-1205.
[35]	S. L. Moya, “Efectos del Bióxido de Carbono Sobre el Transporte de Masa y Energía en Yacimientos Geotér- micos,” Tesis de Doctorado, Universidad Nacional Autó- noma de México, México City, 1994.
[36]	S. L. Moya, A. Aragón, E. Iglesias and E. Santoyo, “Prediction of Mass Deliverability from a Single Well- head Measurement and Geothermal Inflow Performance Reference Curves,” Geothermics, Vol. 27, No. 3, 1998, pp. 317-329. doi:10.1016/S0375-6505(98)00005-4
[37]	D. Montoya, “Estimación de Permeabilidades de Yaci- mientos Geotérmicos Mediante la Aplicación de Curvas Tipo de Influjo Geotérmico,” Tesis de Maestría, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Cuernavaca, 2003.
[38]	O. Meza, “Efecto de la Precipitación de Sales en el Diagnóstico de Permeabilidades Rocosas,” Tesis de Maestría, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Cuernavaca, 2005.
[39]	S. López, “Análisis del Comportamiento de Influjo con Efecto de Da?o en Yacimientos Altamente Salinos y de Alta Temperatura,” Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Popular de la Chontalpa, H. Cárdenas, 2011.
[40]	A. Aragón, “La Influencia del Factor de da?o en Curvas- Tipo de Influjo Geotérmico y su Impacto en el Diag- nóstico de Permeabilidades,” Tesis de Doctorado, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Cuernavaca, 2006.
[41]	A. Aragón, S. L. Moya and A. García, “Inflow Per- formance Relationships in Geothermal and Petroleum Reservoir Engineering: A Review of the State of the Art,” Geothermics, Vol. 37, No. 4, 2008, pp. 635-650.
[42]	S. L. Moya, E. Iglesias and A. Aragón, “Curvas de Re- ferencia Adimensionales para Estimar Productividades de Masa y Energía en Yacimientos Geotérmicos con/sin Bióxido de Carbono,” Geotermia, Revista Mexicana de Geoenergía, Vol. 11, 1995, pp. 167-179.
[43]	E. Iglesias and S. L. Moya, “Applicability of Geothermal Inflow Performance Reference Curves to CO2-Bearing Reservoirs,” Geothermics, Vol. 27, No. 3, 1998, pp. 305- 315. doi:10.1016/S0375-6505(98)00004-2
[44]	S. L. Moya, D. Uribe and D. Montoya, “Computational System to Estimate Formation Permeabilities and Output Curves of Geothermal Wells,” Computer & Geosciences, Vol. 29, No. 9, 2003, pp. 1071-1083.doi:10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00031-1
[45]	A. Aragón, S. L. Moya and M. Suárez, “Determination of the Damage Effect in Geothermal Wells Using Inflow Type Curves,” Geothermal Energy Research Trends, Nova Publishers Inc., New York, 2008, pp. 163-201.
[46]	S. López and A. Aragón, “Caracterización de Yaci- mientos a Partir de Análisis de Mediciones de Pro- ducción,” Investigación y Posgrado Revista de la Uni- versidad Popular de la Chontalpa, Vol. 2, 2011, pp. 24- 29.
[47]	S. de Estudios, “Características de Producción Actuales del Campo Geotérmico de Los Azufres, Mich., México,” Informe Interno ISE-045-2002, Gerencia de Proyectos Geotérmoeléctricos de la CFE, Morelia, 2002.
[48]	M. C. Salto and A. F. Hernández, “Simulación Numérica de Yacimientos Geotérmicos Mediante el Simulador de Volúmenes Finitos, TOUGH2,” Reporte Interno AIT, Gerencia de Geotermia del IIE, Cuernavaca, 2011.
[49]	G. Jones, M. Blount and H. Glaze, “Use of Short Term Multiple Rate Flow Tests to Predict Performance of Wells Having Turbulence,” SPE 51st Annual Fall Meeting, New Orleans, 3-6 October 1976, pp. 378-383.