[1]
|
Mesiano, S. and Jaffe, R.B. (1997) Developmental and Functional Biology of the Primate Fetal Adrenal Cortex. Endocrine Reviews, 18, 378-403. https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv.18.3.0304
|
[2]
|
O’Donnell, K., O’Connor, T.G. and Glover, V. (2009) Prenatal Stress and Neurodevelopment of the Child: Focus on the HPA Axis and Role of the Placenta. Developmental Neuroscience, 31, 285-292. https://doi.org/10.1159/000216539
|
[3]
|
Ishimoto, H. and Jaffe, R.B. (2011) Development and Function of the Human Fetal Adrenal Cortex: A Key Component in the Feto-Placental Unit. Endocrine Reviews, 32, 317-355. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2010-0001
|
[4]
|
Penny, M.K., Finco, I. and Hammer, G.D. (2017) Cell Signaling Pathways in the Adrenal Cortex: Links to Stem/Progenitor Biology and Neoplasia. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 445, 42-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.005
|
[5]
|
Vinson, G.P. (2016) Functional Zonation of the Adult Mammalian Adrenal Cortex. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 10, 238. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00238
|
[6]
|
Coulter, C.L. (2005) Fetal Adrenal Development: Insight Gained from Adrenal Tumors. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 16, 235-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2005.05.010
|
[7]
|
Kempna, P. and Fluck, C.E. (2008) Adrenal Gland Development and Defects. Best Practice & Research: Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 22, 77-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2007.07.008
|
[8]
|
Sucheston, M.E. and Cannon, M.S. (1968) Development of Zonular Patterns in the Human Adrenal Gland. Journal of Morphology, 126, 477-491. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051260408
|
[9]
|
Buster, J.E. (1980) Fetal Adrenal Cortex. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 23, 803-824. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003081-198023030-00011
|
[10]
|
McNutt, N.S. and Jones, A.L. (1970) Observations on the Ultrastructure of Cytodifferentiation in the Human Fetal Adrenal Cortex. Laboratory Investigation, 22, 513-527.
|
[11]
|
Mesiano, S., Coulter, C.L. and Jaffe, R.B. (1993) Localization of Cytochrome P450 Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage, Cytochrome P450 17 Alpha-Hydroxylase/17, 20-Lyase, and 3 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Isomerase Steroidogenic Enzymes in Human and Rhesus Monkey Fetal Adrenal Glands: Reappraisal of Functional Zonation. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 77, 1184-1189. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.77.5.1184
|
[12]
|
Mazilu, J.K. and McCabe, E.R.B. (2011) Moving toward Personalized Cell-Based Interventions for Adrenal Cortical Disorders: Part 1 Adrenal Development and Function, and Roles of Transcription Factors and Signaling Proteins. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, 104, 72-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.06.014
|
[13]
|
Hafner, R., Bohnenpoll, T., Rudat, C., Schultheiss, T.M. and Kispert, A. (2015) Fgfr2 Is Required for the Expansion of the Early Adrenocortical Primordium. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 413, 168-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.022
|
[14]
|
Keegan, C.E. and Hammer, G.D. (2002) Recent Insights into Organogenesis of the Adrenal Cortex. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 13, 200-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1043-2760(02)00602-1
|
[15]
|
Schulte, D.M., Shapiro, I., Reincke, M. and Beuschlein, F. (2007) Expression and Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Differentiation and Proliferation Markers during Mouse Adrenal Development. Gene Expression Patterns, 7, 72-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.modgep.2006.05.009
|
[16]
|
Mitani, F., Mukai, K., Miyamoto, H., Suematsu, M. and Ishimura, Y. (1999) Development of Functional Zonation in the Rat Adrenal Cortex. Endocrinology, 140, 3342-3353. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.140.7.6859
|
[17]
|
Roos, T.B. (1967) Steroid Synthesis in Embryonic and Fetal Rat Adrenal Tissue. Endocrinology, 81, 716-728. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-81-4-716
|
[18]
|
Mitani, F., Mukai, K., Miyamoto, H., Suematsu, M. and Ishimura, Y. (2003) The Undifferentiated Cell Zone Is a Stem Cell Zone in Adult Rat Adrenal Cortex. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1619, 317-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4165(02)00490-7
|
[19]
|
Mitani, F. (2014) Functional Zonation of the Rat Adrenal Cortex: The Development and Maintenance. Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Ser. B, Physical and Biological Sciences, 90, 163-183. https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.90.163
|
[20]
|
Payne, A.H. and Hales, D.B. (2004) Overview of Steroidogenic Enzymes in the Pathway from Cholesterol to Active Steroid Hormones. Endocrine Reviews, 25, 947-970. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2003-0030
|
[21]
|
Mizutani, T., Ishikane, S., Kawabe, S., Umezawa, A. and Miyamoto, K. (2015) Transcriptional Regulation of Genes Related to Progesterone Production. Endocrine Journal, 62, 757-763. https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.EJ15-0260
|
[22]
|
Pezzi, V., Mathis, J.M., Rainey, W.E. and Carr, B.R. (2003) Profiling Transcript Levels for Steroidogenic Enzymes in Fetal Tissues. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 87, 181-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2003.07.006
|
[23]
|
Melau, C., Nielsen, J.E., Frederiksen, H., Kilcoyne, K., Perlman, S., Lundvall, L., et al. (2019) Characterization of Human Adrenal Steroidogenesis during Fetal Development. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 104, 1802-1812. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-01759
|
[24]
|
Goto, M., Brickwood, S., Wilson, D.I., Wood, P.J., Mason, J.I. and Hanley, N.A. (2002) Steroidogenic Enzyme Expression within the Adrenal Cortex during Early Human Gestation. Endocrine Research, 28, 641-645. https://doi.org/10.1081/ERC-120016979
|
[25]
|
Goto, M., Piper Hanley, K., Marcos, J., Wood, P.J., Wright, S., Postle, A.D., et al. (2006) In Humans, Early Cortisol Biosynthesis Provides a Mechanism to Safeguard Female Sexual Development. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 116, 953-960. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI25091
|
[26]
|
White, P.C. (2006) Ontogeny of Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis: Why Girls Will Be Girls. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 116, 872-874. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI28296
|
[27]
|
Lingas, R., Dean, F. and Matthews, S.G. (1999) Maternal Nutrient Restriction (48 h) Modifies Brain Corticosteroid Receptor Expression and Endocrine Function in the Fetal Guinea Pig. Brain Research, 846, 236-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(99)02058-2
|
[28]
|
Takahashi, L.K., Turner, J.G. and Kalin, N.H. (1998) Prolonged Stress-Induced Elevation in Plasma Corticosterone during Pregnancy in the Rat: Implications for Prenatal Stress Studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23, 571-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4530(98)00024-9
|
[29]
|
Koehl, M., Darnaudery, M., Dulluc, J., Van Reeth, O., Le Moal, M. and Maccari, S. (1999) Prenatal Stress Alters Circadian Activity of Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and Hippocampal Corticosteroid Receptors in Adult Rats of Both Gender. Journal of Neurobiology, 40, 302-315. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4695(19990905)40:3<302::AID-NEU3>3.0.CO;2-7
|
[30]
|
McTernan, C.L., Draper, N., Nicholson, H., Chalder, S.M., Driver, P., Hewison, M., et al. (2001) Reduced Placental 11beta-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 mRNA Levels in Human Pregnancies Complicated by Intrauterine Growth Restriction: An Analysis of Possible Mechanisms. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 86, 4979-4983. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.10.7893
|
[31]
|
Bayard, F., Ances, I.G., Tapper, A.J., Weldon, V.V., Kowarski, A. and Migeon, C.J. (1970) Transplacental Passage and Fetal Secretion of Aldosterone. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 49, 1389-1393. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI106356
|
[32]
|
Seron-Ferre, M., Biglieri, E.G. and Jaffe, R.B. (1990) Regulation of Mineralocorticoid Secretion by the Superfused Fetal Monkey Adrenal Gland: Lack of Stimulation of Aldosterone by ACTH. Journal of Developmental Physiology, 13, 33-36.
|
[33]
|
Wotus, C., Levay-Young, B.K., Rogers, L.M., Gomez-Sanchez, C.E. and Engeland, W.C. (1998) Development of Adrenal Zonation in Fetal Rats Defined by Expression of Aldosterone Synthase and 11beta-hydroxylase. Endocrinology, 139, 4397-4403. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.139.10.6230
|
[34]
|
Dalle, M., Giry, J., Gay, M. and Delost, P. (1978) Perinatal Changes in Plasma and Adrenal Corticosterone and Aldosterone Concentrations in the Mouse. Journal of Endocrinology, 76, 303-309. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.0760303
|
[35]
|
Dupouy, J.P., Coffigny, H. and Magre, S. (1975) Maternal and Foetal Corticosterone Levels during Late Pregnancy in Rats. Journal of Endocrinology, 65, 347-352. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.0650347
|
[36]
|
Sapolsky, R.M. and Meaney, M.J. (1986) Maturation of the Adrenocortical Stress Response: Neuroendocrine Control Mechanisms and the Stress Hyporesponsive Period. Brain Research, 396, 64-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0173(86)90010-X
|
[37]
|
Bondarenko, N.S., Murtazina, A.R., Nikishina, Y.O., Sapronova, A.Y. and Ugrumov, M.V. (2017) Molecular Mechanisms of Synthesis of Noradrenaline as an Inducer of Development in the Adrenal Glands of Rats in Ontogenesis. Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics, 472, 23-26. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1607672917010070
|
[38]
|
Walsh, S.W., Norman, R.L. and Novy, M.J. (1979) In Utero Regulation of Rhesus Monkey Fetal Adrenals: Effects of Dexamethasone, Adrenocorticotropin, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone, Prolactin, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, and Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone on Fetal and Maternal Plasma Steroids. Endocrinology, 104, 1805-1813. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-104-6-1805
|
[39]
|
Novy, M.J., Walsh, S.W. and Kittinger, G.W. (1977) Experimental Fetal Anencephaly in the Rhesus Monkey: Effect on Gestational Length and Fetal and Maternal Plasma Steroids. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 45, 1031-1038. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-45-5-1031
|
[40]
|
Gray, E.S. and Abramovich, D.R. (1980) Morphologic Features of the Anencephalic Adrenal Gland in Early Pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 137, 491-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(80)91134-5
|
[41]
|
Honnebier, W.J., Jobsis, A.C. and Swaab, D.F. (1974) The Effect of Hypophysial Hormones and Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG) on the Anencephalic Fetal Adrenal Cortex and on Parturition in the Human. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth, 81, 423-438. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1974.tb00492.x
|
[42]
|
Coulter, C.L., Goldsmith, P.C., Mesiano, S., Voytek, C.C., Martin, M.C., Mason, J.I., et al. (1996) Functional Maturation of the Primate Fetal Adrenal in Vivo. II. Ontogeny of Corticosteroid Synthesis Is Dependent upon Specific Zonal Expression of 3 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Isomerase. Endocrinology, 137, 4953-4959. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.137.11.8895368
|
[43]
|
Di Blasio, A.M. and Jaffe, R.B. (1988) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Does Not Induce Desensitization in Human Adrenal Cells during Fetal Life. Biology of Reproduction, 39, 617-621. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod39.3.617
|
[44]
|
Mesiano, S., Fujimoto, V.Y., Nelson, L.R., Lee, J.Y., Voytek, C.C. and Jaffe, R.B. (1996) Localization and Regulation of Corticotropin Receptor Expression in the Midgestation Human Fetal Adrenal Cortex: Implications for in Utero Homeostasis. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 81, 340-345. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.81.1.8550775
|
[45]
|
Mesiano, S., Katz, S.L., Lee, J.Y. and Jaffe, R.B. (1997) Insulin-Like Growth Factors Augment Steroid Production and Expression of Steroidogenic Enzymes in Human Fetal Adrenal Cortical Cells: Implications for Adrenal Androgen Regulation. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 82, 1390-1396. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.82.5.1390
|
[46]
|
Mountjoy, K.G., Robbins, L.S., Mortrud, M.T. and Cone, R.D. (1992) The Cloning of a Family of Genes That Encode the Melanocortin Receptors. Science, 257, 1248-1251. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1325670
|
[47]
|
Novoselova, T., King, P., Guasti, L., Metherell, L.A., Clark, A.J.L. and Chan, L.F. (2019) ACTH Signalling and Adrenal Development: Lessons from Mouse Models. Endocrine Connections, 8, pii: EC-19-0190.R1.
|
[48]
|
Ulrich-Lai, Y.M., Arnhold, M.M. and Engeland, W.C. (2006) Adrenal Splanchnic Innervation Contributes to the Diurnal Rhythm of Plasma Corticosterone in Rats by Modulating Adrenal Sensitivity to ACTH. The American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative, 290, R1128-R1135. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00042.2003
|
[49]
|
Babischkin, J.S., Aberdeen, G.W., Pepe, G.J. and Albrecht, E.D. (2016) Estrogen Suppresses Interaction of Melanocortin 2 Receptor and Its Accessory Protein in the Primate Fetal Adrenal Cortex. Endocrinology, 157, 4588-45601. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2016-1562
|
[50]
|
Winters, A.J., Oliver, C., Colston, C., MacDonald, P.C. and Porter, J.C. (1974) Plasma ACTH Levels in the Human Fetus and Neonate as Related to Age and Parturition. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 39, 269-273. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-39-2-269
|
[51]
|
Ilvesmaki, V., Blum, W.F. and Voutilainen, R. (1993) Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in the Human Adrenal Gland. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 97, 71-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/0303-7207(93)90212-3
|
[52]
|
Guasti, L., Candy Sze, W.C., McKay, T., Grose, R. and King, P.J. (2013) FGF Signalling through Fgfr2 Isoform IIIb Regulates Adrenal Cortex Development. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 371, 182-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2013.01.014
|
[53]
|
Han, V.K., Lund, P.K., Lee, D.C. and D’Ercole, A.J. (1988) Expression of Somatomedin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in the Human Fetus: Identification, Characterization, and Tissue Distribution. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 66, 422-429. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-66-2-422
|
[54]
|
Osborne, C.K., Coronado, E.B., Kitten, L.J., Arteaga, C.I., Fuqua, S.A., Ramasharma, K., et al. (1989) Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II (IGF-II), a Potential Autocrine/Paracrine Growth Factor for Human Breast Cancer Acting via the IGF-I Receptor. Molecular Endocrinology, 3, 1701-1709. https://doi.org/10.1210/mend-3-11-1701
|
[55]
|
van Wijk, P.A., Rijnberk, A., Croughs, R.J., Meij, B.P. and Mol, J.A. (1998) Effects of Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone, Vasopressin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I on Proliferation of and Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone Secretion by Canine Corticotrophic Adenoma Cells in Vitro. European Journal of Endocrinology, 138, 309-315. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1380309
|
[56]
|
Le Roy, C., Li, J.Y., Stocco, D.M., Langlois, D. and Saez, J.M. (2000) Regulation by Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), Angiotensin II, Transforming Growth Factor-Beta, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I of Bovine Adrenal Cell Steroidogenic Capacity and Expression of ACTH Receptor, Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein, Cytochrome P450c17, and 3beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase. Endocrinology, 141, 1599-1607. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.141.5.7457
|
[57]
|
Raha, D., Nehar, S., Paswan, B., Rebuffat, P., Neri, G., Naskar, R., et al. (2007) IGF-I Enhances Cortisol Secretion from Guinea-Pig Adrenal Gland: In Vivo and in Vitro Study. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 20, 91-95.
|
[58]
|
Angelousi, A., Kyriakopoulos, G., Nasiri-Ansari, N., Karageorgou, M. and Kassi, E. (2018) The Role of Epithelial Growth Factors and Insulin Growth Factors in the Adrenal Neoplasms. Annals of Translational Medicine, 6, 253. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2018.05.52
|
[59]
|
Mesiano, S. and Jaffe, R.B. (1993) Interaction of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II and Estradiol Directs Steroidogenesis in the Human Fetal Adrenal toward Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Production. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 77, 754-758. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.77.3.754
|
[60]
|
Hornsby, P.J., Sturek, M., Harris, S.E. and Simonian, M.H. (1983) Serum and Growth Factor Requirements for Proliferation of Human Adrenocortical Cells in Culture: Comparison with Bovine Adrenocortical Cells. In Vitro, 19, 863-869. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02618166
|
[61]
|
Coulter, C.L., Read, L.C., Carr, B.R., Tarantal, A.F., Barry, S. and Styne, D.M. (1996) A Role for Epidermal Growth Factor in the Morphological and Functional Maturation of the Adrenal Gland in the Fetal Rhesus Monkey in Vivo. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 81, 1254-1260. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.81.3.8772608
|
[62]
|
Luger, A., Calogero, A.E., Kalogeras, K., Gallucci, W.T., Gold, P.W., Loriaux, D.L., et al. (1988) Interaction of Epidermal Growth Factor with the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: Potential Physiologic Relevance. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 66, 334-337. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-66-2-334
|
[63]
|
Gospodarowicz, D. and Handley, H.H. (1975) Stimulation of Division of Y1 Adrenal Cells by a Growth Factor Isolated from Bovine Pituitary Glands. Endocrinology, 97, 102-107. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-97-1-102
|
[64]
|
Basile, D.P. and Holzwarth, M.A. (1994) Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor in the Rat Adrenal Cortex: Effects of Suramin and Unilateral Adrenalectomy on Receptor Numbers. Endocrinology, 134, 2482-2489. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.134.6.8194474
|
[65]
|
Zhou, J., Shaikh, L.H., Neogi, S.G., McFarlane, I., Zhao, W., Figg, N., et al. (2015) DACH1, a Zona Glomerulosa Selective Gene in the Human Adrenal, Activates Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Signaling and Suppresses Aldosterone Secretion. Hypertension, 65, 1103-1110. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000025
|
[66]
|
Stankovic, A.K. and Parker, C.R. (1995) Receptor Binding of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta by Human Fetal Adrenal Cells. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 109, 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/0303-7207(95)03498-V
|
[67]
|
Parker, C.R., Stankovic, A.K., Harlin, C. and Carden, L. (1992) Adrenocorticotropin Interferes with Transforming Growth Factor-Beta-Induced Growth Inhibition of Neocortical Cells from the Human Fetal Adrenal Gland. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 75, 1519-1521. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.75.6.1519
|
[68]
|
Stankovic, A.K., Dion, L.D. and Parker, C.R. (1994) Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta on Human Fetal Adrenal Steroid Production. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 99, 145-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/0303-7207(94)90002-7
|
[69]
|
Lebrethon, M.C., Jaillard, C., Naville, D., Begeot, M. and Saez, J.M. (1994) Regulation of Corticotropin and Steroidogenic Enzyme mRNAs in Human Fetal Adrenal Cells by Corticotropin, Angiotensin-II and Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 106, 137-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/0303-7207(94)90195-3
|
[70]
|
Hammer, G.D., Parker, K.L. and Schimmer, B.P. (2005) Mini-Review: Transcriptional Regulation of Adrenocortical Development. Endocrinology, 146, 1018-1024. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2004-1385
|
[71]
|
Val, P. and Swain, A. (2010) Gene Dosage Effects and Transcriptional Regulation of Early Mammalian Adrenal Cortex Development. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 323, 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2009.12.010
|
[72]
|
Tevosian, S.G., Jimenez, E., Hatch, H.M., Jiang, T., Morse, D.A., Fox, S.C., et al. (2015) Adrenal Development in Mice Requires GATA4 and GATA6 Transcription Factors. Endocrinology, 156, 2503-2517. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2014-1815
|
[73]
|
Luo, X., Ikeda, Y., Lala, D., Rice, D., Wong, M. and Parker, K.L. (1999) Steroidogenic Factor 1 (SF-1) Is Essential for Endocrine Development and Function. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 69, 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0760(98)00146-0
|
[74]
|
Parker, K.L., Rice, D.A., Lala, D.S., Ikeda, Y., Luo, X., Wong, M., et al. (2002) Steroidogenic Factor 1: An Essential Mediator of Endocrine Development. Recent Progress in Hormone Research, 57, 19-36. https://doi.org/10.1210/rp.57.1.19
|
[75]
|
Morohashi, K. (1999) Gonadal and Extragonadal Functions of Ad4BP/SF-1: Developmental Aspects. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 10, 169-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1043-2760(98)00142-8
|
[76]
|
Hanley, N.A., Rainey, W.E., Wilson, D.I., Ball, S.G. and Parker, K.L. (2001) Expression Profiles of SF-1, DAX1, and CYP17 in the Human Fetal Adrenal Gland: Potential Interactions in Gene Regulation. Molecular Endocrinology, 15, 57-68. https://doi.org/10.1210/mend.15.1.0585
|
[77]
|
Luo, X., Ikeda, Y. and Parker, K.L. (1994) A Cell-Specific Nuclear Receptor Is Essential for Adrenal and Gonadal Development and Sexual Differentiation. Cell, 77, 481-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(94)90211-9
|
[78]
|
El-Khairi, R., Martinez-Aguayo, A., Ferraz-de-Souza, B., Lin, L. and Achermann, J.C. (2011) Role of DAX-1 (NR0B1) and Steroidogenic Factor-1 (NR5A1) in Human Adrenal Function. Endocrine Development, 20, 38-46. https://doi.org/10.1159/000321213
|
[79]
|
Sadovsky, Y., Crawford, P.A., Woodson, K.G., Polish, J.A., Clements, M.A., Tourtellotte, L.M., et al. (1995) Mice Deficient in the Orphan Receptor Steroidogenic Factor 1 Lack Adrenal Glands and Gonads But Express P450 Side-Chain-Cleavage Enzyme in the Placenta and Have Normal Embryonic Serum Levels of Corticosteroids. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 92, 10939-10943. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.24.10939
|
[80]
|
Zubair, M., Ishihara, S., Oka, S., Okumura, K. and Morohashi, K. (2006) Two-Step Regulation of Ad4BP/SF-1 Gene Transcription during Fetal Adrenal Development: Initiation by a Hox-Pbx1-Prep1 Complex and Maintenance via Autoregulation by Ad4BP/SF-1. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 26, 4111-4121. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.00222-06
|
[81]
|
Schimmer, B.P. and White, P.C. (2010) Minireview: Steroidogenic Factor 1: Its Roles in Differentiation, Development, and Disease. Molecular Endocrinology, 24, 1322-1337. https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2009-0519
|
[82]
|
Hoivik, E.A., Lewis, A.E., Aumo, L. and Bakke, M. (2010) Molecular Aspects of Steroidogenic Factor 1 (SF-1). Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 315, 27-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2009.07.003
|
[83]
|
Gummow, B.M., Scheys, J.O., Cancelli, V.R. and Hammer, G.D. (2006) Reciprocal Regulation of a Glucocorticoid Receptor-Steroidogenic Factor-1 Transcription Complex on the Dax-1 Promoter by Glucocorticoids and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone in the Adrenal Cortex. Molecular Endocrinology, 20, 2711-2723. https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2005-0461
|
[84]
|
Franca, M.M., Abreu, N.P., Vrechi, T.A. and Lotfi, C.F. (2015) POD-1/Tcf21 Overexpression Reduces Endogenous SF-1 and StAR Expression in Rat Adrenal Cells. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 48, 1087-1094. https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20154748
|
[85]
|
Phelan, J.K. and McCabe, E.R. (2001) Mutations in NR0B1 (DAX1) and NR5A1 (SF1) Responsible for Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita. Human Mutation, 18, 472-487. https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.1225
|
[86]
|
Lin, L., Gu, W.X., Ozisik, G., To, W.S., Owen, C.J., Jameson, J.L., et al. (2006) Analysis of DAX1 (NR0B1) and Steroidogenic Factor-1 (NR5A1) in Children and Adults with Primary Adrenal Failure: Ten Years’ Experience. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 91, 3048-3054. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-0603
|
[87]
|
Pianovski, M.A., Cavalli, L.R., Figueiredo, B.C., Santos, S.C., Doghman, M., Ribeiro, R.C., et al. (2006) SF-1 Overexpression in Childhood Adrenocortical Tumours. European Journal of Cancer, 42, 1040-1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2006.01.022
|
[88]
|
Walczak, E.M. and Hammer, G.D. (2015) Regulation of the Adrenocortical Stem Cell Niche: Implications for Disease. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 11, 14-28. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2014.166
|
[89]
|
Muscatelli, F., Strom, T.M., Walker, A.P., Zanaria, E., Recan, D., Meindl, A., et al. (1994) Mutations in the DAX-1 Gene Give Rise to Both X-Linked Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita and Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. Nature, 372, 672-676. https://doi.org/10.1038/372672a0
|
[90]
|
Reutens, A.T., Achermann, J.C., Ito, M., Gu, W.X., Habiby, R.L., Donohoue, P.A., et al. (1999) Clinical and Functional Effects of Mutations in the DAX-1 Gene in Patients with Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 84, 504-511. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.84.2.5468
|
[91]
|
Achermann, J.C., Meeks, J.J. and Jameson, J.L. (2001) Phenotypic Spectrum of Mutations in DAX-1 and SF-1. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 185, 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0303-7207(01)00619-0
|
[92]
|
Zanaria, E., Muscatelli, F., Bardoni, B., Strom, T.M., Guioli, S., Guo, W., et al. (1994) An Unusual Member of the Nuclear Hormone Receptor Superfamily Responsible for X-Linked Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita. Nature, 372, 635-641. https://doi.org/10.1038/372635a0
|
[93]
|
Ikeda, Y., Shen, W.H., Ingraham, H.A. and Parker, K.L. (1994) Developmental Expression of Mouse Steroidogenic Factor-1, an Essential Regulator of the Steroid Hydroxylases. Molecular Endocrinology, 8, 654-662. https://doi.org/10.1210/mend.8.5.8058073
|
[94]
|
Guo, W., Burris, T.P., Zhang, Y.H., Huang, B.L., Mason, J., Copeland, K.C., et al. (1996) Genomic Sequence of the DAX1 Gene: An Orphan Nuclear Receptor Responsible for X-Linked Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita and Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 81, 2481-2486. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.81.7.2481
|
[95]
|
Yu, R.N., Ito, M. and Jameson, J.L. (1998) The Murine Dax-1 Promoter Is Stimulated by SF-1 (Steroidogenic Factor-1) and Inhibited by COUP-TF (Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter-Transcription Factor) via a Composite Nuclear Receptor-Regulatory Element. Molecular Endocrinology, 12, 1010-1022. https://doi.org/10.1210/mend.12.7.0131
|
[96]
|
Ito, M., Yu, R. and Jameson, J.L. (1997) DAX-1 Inhibits SF-1-Mediated Transactivation via a Carboxy-Terminal Domain That Is Deleted in Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 17, 1476-1483. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.17.3.1476
|
[97]
|
Ikeda, Y., Swain, A., Weber, T.J., Hentges, K.E., Zanaria, E., Lalli, E., et al. (1996) Steroidogenic Factor 1 and Dax-1 Colocalize in Multiple Cell Lineages: Potential Links in Endocrine Development. Molecular Endocrinology, 10, 1261-1272. https://doi.org/10.1210/mend.10.10.9121493
|
[98]
|
Zazopoulos, E., Lalli, E., Stocco, D.M. and Sassone-Corsi, P. (1997) DNA Binding and Transcriptional Repression by DAX-1 Blocks Steroidogenesis. Nature, 390, 311-315. https://doi.org/10.1038/36899
|
[99]
|
Jordan, B.K., Mohammed, M., Ching, S.T., Delot, E., Chen, X.N., Dewing, P., et al. (2001) Up-Regulation of WNT-4 Signaling and Dosage-Sensitive Sex Reversal in Humans. American Journal of Human Genetics, 68, 1102-1109. https://doi.org/10.1086/320125
|
[100]
|
Kim, J., Prawitt, D., Bardeesy, N., Torban, E., Vicaner, C., Goodyer, P., et al. (1999) The Wilms’ Tumor Suppressor Gene (wt1) Product Regulates Dax-1 Gene Expression during Gonadal Differentiation. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 19, 2289-2299. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.19.3.2289
|
[101]
|
Bamforth, S.D., Braganca, J., Eloranta, J.J., Murdoch, J.N., Marques, F.I., Kranc, K.R., et al. (2001) Cardiac Malformations, Adrenal Agenesis, Neural Crest Defects and Exencephaly in Mice Lacking Cited2, a New Tfap2 Co-Activator. Nature Genetics, 29, 469-474. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng768
|
[102]
|
Haase, M., Ansurudeen, I., Schinner, S., Paramonova, I., Schott, M., Papewalis, C., et al. (2009) Evidence for the Involvement of Endothelial Cell Products in Adrenal CITED2 Expression. Cell and Tissue Research, 336, 337-343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-009-0771-4
|
[103]
|
Haase, M., Schott, M., Bornstein, S.R., Malendowicz, L.K., Scherbaum, W.A. and Willenberg, H.S. (2007) CITED2 Is Expressed in Human Adrenocortical Cells and Regulated by Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor. Journal of Endocrinology, 192, 459-465. https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-06-0083
|
[104]
|
Val, P., Martinez-Barbera, J.P. and Swain, A. (2007) Adrenal Development Is Initiated by Cited2 and Wt1 through Modulation of Sf-1 Dosage. Development, 134, 2349-2358. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.004390
|
[105]
|
Ferraz-de-Souza, B., Martin, F., Mallet, D., Hudson-Davies, R.E., Cogram, P., Lin, L., et al. (2009) CBP/p300-Interacting Transactivator, with Glu/Asp-Rich C-Terminal Domain, 2, and Pre-B-Cell Leukemia Transcription Factor 1 in Human Adrenal Development and Disease. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 94, 678-683. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-1064
|
[106]
|
Liu, Y.W. and Guo, L. (2006) Endothelium Is Required for the Promotion of Interrenal Morphogenetic Movement during Early Zebrafish Development. Developmental Biology, 297, 44-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.04.464
|
[107]
|
Schnabel, C.A., Selleri, L. and Cleary, M.L. (2003) Pbx1 Is Essential for Adrenal Development and Urogenital Differentiation. Genesis, 37, 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1002/gene.10235
|
[108]
|
Lichtenauer, U.D., Duchniewicz, M., Kolanczyk, M., Hoeflich, A., Hahner, S., Else, T., et al. (2007) Pre-B-Cell Transcription Factor 1 and Steroidogenic Factor 1 Synergistically Regulate Adrenocortical Growth and Steroidogenesis. Endocrinology, 148, 693-704. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-0681
|
[109]
|
Klattig, J., Sierig, R., Kruspe, D., Makki, M.S. and Englert, C. (2007) WT1-Mediated Gene Regulation in Early Urogenital Ridge Development. Sexual Development, 1, 238-254. https://doi.org/10.1159/000104774
|
[110]
|
Ambu, R., Vinci, L., Gerosa, C., Fanni, D., Obinu, E., Faa, A., et al. (2015) WT1 Expression in the Human Fetus during Development. European Journal of Histochemistry, 59, 2499. https://doi.org/10.4081/ejh.2015.2499
|
[111]
|
Bandiera, R., Vidal, V.P., Motamedi, F.J., Clarkson, M., Sahut-Barnola, I., von Gise, A., et al. (2013) WT1 Maintains Adrenal-Gonadal Primordium Identity and Marks a Population of AGP-Like Progenitors within the Adrenal Gland. Developmental Cell, 27, 5-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2013.09.003
|
[112]
|
Kiiveri, S., Liu, J., Westerholm-Ormio, M., Narita, N., Wilson, D.B., Voutilainen, R., et al. (2002) Transcription Factors GATA-4 and GATA-6 during Mouse and Human Adrenocortical Development. Endocrine Research, 28, 647-650. https://doi.org/10.1081/ERC-120016980
|
[113]
|
Pihlajoki, M., Gretzinger, E., Cochran, R., Kyronlahti, A., Schrade, A., Hiller, T., et al. (2013) Conditional Mutagenesis of Gata6 in SF1-Positive Cells Causes Gonadal-Like Differentiation in the Adrenal Cortex of Mice. Endocrinology, 154, 1754-1767. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-1892
|
[114]
|
Nakamura, Y., Xing, Y., Sasano, H. and Rainey, W.E. (2009) The Mediator Complex Subunit 1 Enhances Transcription of Genes Needed for Adrenal Androgen Production. Endocrinology, 150, 4145-4153. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-0006
|
[115]
|
Kiiveri, S., Siltanen, S., Rahman, N., Bielinska, M., Lehto, V.P., Huhtaniemi, I.T., et al. (1999) Reciprocal Changes in the Expression of Transcription Factors GATA-4 and GATA-6 Accompany Adrenocortical Tumorigenesis in Mice and Humans. Molecular Medicine, 5, 490-501. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03403542
|
[116]
|
Viger, R.S., Guittot, S.M., Anttonen, M., Wilson, D.B. and Heikinheimo, M. (2008) Role of the GATA Family of Transcription Factors in Endocrine Development, Function, and Disease. Molecular Endocrinology, 22, 781-798. https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2007-0513
|
[117]
|
Bonagura, T.W., Babischkin, J.S., Pepe, G.J. and Albrecht, E.D. (2016) Assessment of Protein Expression by Proximity Ligation Assay in the Nonhuman Primate Endometrium, Placenta, and Fetal Adrenal in Response to Estrogen. Methods in Molecular Biology, 1366, 149-161. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3127-9_12
|
[118]
|
Lanman, J.T. (1957) The Adrenal Fetal Zone: Its Occurrence in Primates and a Possible Relationship to Chorionic Gonadotropin. Endocrinology, 61, 684-191. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-61-6-684
|
[119]
|
Lauritzen, C. and Lehmann, W.D. (1967) Levels of Chorionic Gonadotrophin in the Newborn Infant and Their Relationship to Adrenal Dehydroepiandrosterone. Journal of Endocrinology, 39, 173-182. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.0390173
|
[120]
|
Seron-Ferre, M., Lawrence, C.C. and Jaffe, R.B. (1978) Role of hCG in Regulation of the Fetal Zone of the Human Fetal Adrenal Gland. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 46, 834-837. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-46-5-834
|
[121]
|
Abu-Hakima, M., Branchaud, C.L., Goodyer, C.G. and Murphy, B.E. (1987) The Effects of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin on Growth and Steroidogenesis of the Human Fetal Adrenal Gland in Vitro. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 156, 681-687. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(87)90077-9
|
[122]
|
Furukawa, S., Hayashi, S., Usuda, K., Abe, M., Hagio, S., Kuroda, Y., et al. (2013) Effect of Estrogen on Rat Placental Development Depending on Gestation Stage. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 65, 695-702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2012.09.002
|
[123]
|
Hirst, J.J., West, N.B., Brenner, R.M. and Novy, M.J. (1992) Steroid Hormone Receptors in the Adrenal Glands of Fetal and Adult Rhesus Monkeys. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 75, 308-314. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.75.1.308
|
[124]
|
Albrecht, E.D. and Pepe, G.J. (1987) Effect of Estrogen on Dehydroepiandrosterone Formation by Baboon Fetal Adrenal Cells in Vitro. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 156, 1275-1278. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(87)90162-1
|
[125]
|
Albrecht, E.D., Henson, M.C., Walker, M.L. and Pepe, G.J. (1990) Modulation of Adrenocorticotropin-Stimulated Baboon Fetal Adrenal Dehydroepiandrosterone Formation in Vitro by Estrogen at Mid- and Late Gestation. Endocrinology, 126, 3083-3088. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-126-6-3083
|
[126]
|
Curran, M.M., Sandman, C.A., Poggi Davis, E., Glynn, L.M. and Baram, T.Z. (2017) Abnormal Dendritic Maturation of Developing Cortical Neurons Exposed to Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH, Insights into Effects of Prenatal Adversity)? PLoS ONE, 12, e0180311. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180311
|
[127]
|
Ng, M.L., Healy, D.L., Rajna, A., Fullerton, M., O’Grady, C. and Funder, J.W. (1996) Presence of Pro-Opiomelanocortin Peptides and Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in Human Placenta. The Malaysian Journal of Pathology, 18, 59-63.
|
[128]
|
Frim, D.M., Emanuel, R.L., Robinson, B.G., Smas, C.M., Adler, G.K. and Majzoub, J.A. (1988) Characterization and Gestational Regulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Messenger RNA in Human Placenta. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 82, 287-292. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI113585
|
[129]
|
Petraglia, F., Sawchenko, P.E., Rivier, J. and Vale, W. (1987) Evidence for Local Stimulation of ACTH Secretion by Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in Human Placenta. Nature, 328, 717-719. https://doi.org/10.1038/328717a0
|
[130]
|
Goland, R.S., Wardlaw, S.L., Stark, R.I., Brown, L.S. and Frantz, A.G. (1986) High Levels of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Immunoactivity in Maternal and Fetal Plasma during Pregnancy. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 63, 1199-1203. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-63-5-1199
|
[131]
|
Goland, R.S., Wardlaw, S.L., Blum, M., Tropper, P.J. and Stark, R.I. (1988) Biologically Active Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in Maternal and Fetal Plasma during Pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 159, 884-890. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9378(88)80162-5
|